Alex的回答对这个问题有很好的建议和解决方案，然而，我碰巧发现了一个更好的实现这个功能的方法:

extension Collection {
    /// Returns the element at the specified index if it is within bounds, otherwise nil.
    subscript (safe index: Index) -> Element? {
        return indices.contains(index) ? self[index] : nil
    }
}

例子

let array = [1, 2, 3]

for index in -20...20 {
    if let item = array[safe: index] {
        print(item)
    }
}

我发现安全数组获取，设置，插入，删除非常有用。我更倾向于记录并忽略错误，因为所有其他错误很快就会变得难以管理。完整代码如下

/**
 Safe array get, set, insert and delete.
 All action that would cause an error are ignored.
 */
extension Array {

    /**
     Removes element at index.
     Action that would cause an error are ignored.
     */
    mutating func remove(safeAt index: Index) {
        guard index >= 0 && index < count else {
            print("Index out of bounds while deleting item at index \(index) in \(self). This action is ignored.")
            return
        }

        remove(at: index)
    }

    /**
     Inserts element at index.
     Action that would cause an error are ignored.
     */
    mutating func insert(_ element: Element, safeAt index: Index) {
        guard index >= 0 && index <= count else {
            print("Index out of bounds while inserting item at index \(index) in \(self). This action is ignored")
            return
        }

        insert(element, at: index)
    }

    /**
     Safe get set subscript.
     Action that would cause an error are ignored.
     */
    subscript (safe index: Index) -> Element? {
        get {
            return indices.contains(index) ? self[index] : nil
        }
        set {
            remove(safeAt: index)

            if let element = newValue {
                insert(element, safeAt: index)
            }
        }
    }
}

测试

import XCTest

class SafeArrayTest: XCTestCase {
    func testRemove_Successful() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array.remove(safeAt: 1)

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 3])
    }

    func testRemove_Failure() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array.remove(safeAt: 3)

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 2, 3])
    }

    func testInsert_Successful() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array.insert(4, safeAt: 1)

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 4, 2, 3])
    }

    func testInsert_Successful_AtEnd() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array.insert(4, safeAt: 3)

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 2, 3, 4])
    }

    func testInsert_Failure() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array.insert(4, safeAt: 5)

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 2, 3])
    }

    func testGet_Successful() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        let element = array[safe: 1]

        XCTAssert(element == 2)
    }

    func testGet_Failure() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        let element = array[safe: 4]

        XCTAssert(element == nil)
    }

    func testSet_Successful() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array[safe: 1] = 4

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 4, 3])
    }

    func testSet_Successful_AtEnd() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array[safe: 3] = 4

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 2, 3, 4])
    }

    func testSet_Failure() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array[safe: 4] = 4

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 2, 3])
    }
}

因为数组可以存储nil值，如果数组[index]调用越界，返回nil是没有意义的。 因为我们不知道用户想如何处理越界问题，所以使用自定义操作符没有意义。 相反，使用传统的控制流来展开对象并确保类型安全。

if let index = array.checkIndexForSafety(index:Int) let item = array[safeIndex: index] if let index = array.checkIndexForSafety(index:Int) array[safeIndex: safeIndex] = myObject

extension Array {

    @warn_unused_result public func checkIndexForSafety(index: Int) -> SafeIndex? {

        if indices.contains(index) {

            // wrap index number in object, so can ensure type safety
            return SafeIndex(indexNumber: index)

        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }

    subscript(index:SafeIndex) -> Element {

        get {
            return self[index.indexNumber]
        }

        set {
            self[index.indexNumber] = newValue
        }
    }

    // second version of same subscript, but with different method signature, allowing user to highlight using safe index
    subscript(safeIndex index:SafeIndex) -> Element {

        get {
            return self[index.indexNumber]
        }

        set {
            self[index.indexNumber] = newValue
        }
    }

}

public class SafeIndex {

    var indexNumber:Int

    init(indexNumber:Int){
        self.indexNumber = indexNumber
    }
}

当你只需要从一个数组中获取值，并且你不介意一个小的性能损失(即如果你的集合不是很大)，有一个基于dictionary的替代方案，它不涉及(对我来说太通用了)集合扩展:

// Assuming you have a collection named array:
let safeArray = Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: zip(0..., array))
let value = safeArray[index] ?? defaultValue;

快5.倍

RandomAccessCollection的扩展意味着它也可以用于ArraySlice的单个实现。我们使用startIndex和endIndex作为数组切片使用底层父数组的索引。

public extension RandomAccessCollection {

    /// Returns the element at the specified index if it is within bounds, otherwise nil.
    /// - complexity: O(1)
    subscript (safe index: Index) -> Element? {
        guard index >= startIndex, index < endIndex else {
            return nil
        }
        return self[index]
    }
    
}

在我的用例中，我用nils填充了数组:

let components = [1, 2]
var nilComponents = components.map { $0 as Int? }
nilComponents += [nil, nil, nil]

switch (nilComponents[0], nilComponents[1], nilComponents[2]) {
case (_, _, .Some(5)):
    // process last component with 5
default:
    break
}

还可以查看Erica Sadun / Mike Ash的safe:标签的下标扩展:http://ericasadun.com/2015/06/01/swift-safe-array-indexing-my-favorite-thing-of-the-new-week/