如果我在Swift中有一个数组，并尝试访问一个越界的索引，有一个不足为奇的运行时错误:
var str = ["Apple", "Banana", "Coconut"]
str[0] // "Apple"
str[3] // EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION
然而，我本以为有了Swift带来的所有可选的链接和安全性，做这样的事情是微不足道的:
let theIndex = 3
if let nonexistent = str[theIndex] { // Bounds check + Lookup
print(nonexistent)
...do other things with nonexistent...
}
而不是:
let theIndex = 3
if (theIndex < str.count) { // Bounds check
let nonexistent = str[theIndex] // Lookup
print(nonexistent)
...do other things with nonexistent...
}
但事实并非如此——我必须使用ol' if语句来检查并确保索引小于str.count。
我尝试添加我自己的下标()实现，但我不确定如何将调用传递给原始实现，或者访问项目(基于索引)而不使用下标符号:
extension Array {
subscript(var index: Int) -> AnyObject? {
if index >= self.count {
NSLog("Womp!")
return nil
}
return ... // What?
}
}
适用于Swift 2
尽管这个问题已经被回答过很多次了，但我想给出一个更符合Swift编程时尚走向的答案，用Crusty的话来说就是:“先考虑协议”。
• What do we want to do?
- Get an Element of an Array given an Index only when it's safe, and nil otherwise
• What should this functionality base it's implementation on?
- Array subscripting
• Where does it get this feature from?
- Its definition of struct Array in the Swift module has it
• Nothing more generic/abstract?
- It adopts protocol CollectionType which ensures it as well
• Nothing more generic/abstract?
- It adopts protocol Indexable as well...
• Yup, sounds like the best we can do. Can we then extend it to have this feature we want?
- But we have very limited types (no Int) and properties (no count) to work with now!
• It will be enough. Swift's stdlib is done pretty well ;)
extension Indexable {
public subscript(safe safeIndex: Index) -> _Element? {
return safeIndex.distanceTo(endIndex) > 0 ? self[safeIndex] : nil
}
}
不正确，但它给出了一个概念
基于Nikita Kukushkin的回答，有时候你需要安全地赋值给数组下标，也需要从它们中读取。
myArray[safe: badIndex] = newValue
因此，这里是对Nikita的答案(Swift 3.2)的更新，通过添加safe:参数名，也允许安全写入可变数组索引。
extension Collection {
/// Returns the element at the specified index if it is within bounds, otherwise nil.
subscript(safe index: Index) -> Element? {
return indices.contains(index) ? self[index] : nil
}
}
extension MutableCollection {
subscript(safe index: Index) -> Element? {
get {
return indices.contains(index) ? self[index] : nil
}
set(newValue) {
if let newValue = newValue, indices.contains(index) {
self[index] = newValue
}
}
}
}
在我的用例中，我用nils填充了数组:
let components = [1, 2]
var nilComponents = components.map { $0 as Int? }
nilComponents += [nil, nil, nil]
switch (nilComponents[0], nilComponents[1], nilComponents[2]) {
case (_, _, .Some(5)):
// process last component with 5
default:
break
}
还可以查看Erica Sadun / Mike Ash的safe:标签的下标扩展:http://ericasadun.com/2015/06/01/swift-safe-array-indexing-my-favorite-thing-of-the-new-week/
