如果我在Swift中有一个数组，并尝试访问一个越界的索引，有一个不足为奇的运行时错误:
var str = ["Apple", "Banana", "Coconut"]
str[0] // "Apple"
str[3] // EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION
然而，我本以为有了Swift带来的所有可选的链接和安全性，做这样的事情是微不足道的:
let theIndex = 3
if let nonexistent = str[theIndex] { // Bounds check + Lookup
print(nonexistent)
...do other things with nonexistent...
}
而不是:
let theIndex = 3
if (theIndex < str.count) { // Bounds check
let nonexistent = str[theIndex] // Lookup
print(nonexistent)
...do other things with nonexistent...
}
但事实并非如此——我必须使用ol' if语句来检查并确保索引小于str.count。
我尝试添加我自己的下标()实现，但我不确定如何将调用传递给原始实现，或者访问项目(基于索引)而不使用下标符号:
extension Array {
subscript(var index: Int) -> AnyObject? {
if index >= self.count {
NSLog("Womp!")
return nil
}
return ... // What?
}
}
因为数组可以存储nil值，如果数组[index]调用越界，返回nil是没有意义的。
因为我们不知道用户想如何处理越界问题，所以使用自定义操作符没有意义。
相反，使用传统的控制流来展开对象并确保类型安全。
if let index = array.checkIndexForSafety(index:Int)
let item = array[safeIndex: index]
if let index = array.checkIndexForSafety(index:Int)
array[safeIndex: safeIndex] = myObject
extension Array {
@warn_unused_result public func checkIndexForSafety(index: Int) -> SafeIndex? {
if indices.contains(index) {
// wrap index number in object, so can ensure type safety
return SafeIndex(indexNumber: index)
} else {
return nil
}
}
subscript(index:SafeIndex) -> Element {
get {
return self[index.indexNumber]
}
set {
self[index.indexNumber] = newValue
}
}
// second version of same subscript, but with different method signature, allowing user to highlight using safe index
subscript(safeIndex index:SafeIndex) -> Element {
get {
return self[index.indexNumber]
}
set {
self[index.indexNumber] = newValue
}
}
}
public class SafeIndex {
var indexNumber:Int
init(indexNumber:Int){
self.indexNumber = indexNumber
}
}
适用于Swift 2
尽管这个问题已经被回答过很多次了，但我想给出一个更符合Swift编程时尚走向的答案，用Crusty的话来说就是:“先考虑协议”。
• What do we want to do?
- Get an Element of an Array given an Index only when it's safe, and nil otherwise
• What should this functionality base it's implementation on?
- Array subscripting
• Where does it get this feature from?
- Its definition of struct Array in the Swift module has it
• Nothing more generic/abstract?
- It adopts protocol CollectionType which ensures it as well
• Nothing more generic/abstract?
- It adopts protocol Indexable as well...
• Yup, sounds like the best we can do. Can we then extend it to have this feature we want?
- But we have very limited types (no Int) and properties (no count) to work with now!
• It will be enough. Swift's stdlib is done pretty well ;)
extension Indexable {
public subscript(safe safeIndex: Index) -> _Element? {
return safeIndex.distanceTo(endIndex) > 0 ? self[safeIndex] : nil
}
}
不正确，但它给出了一个概念
基于Nikita Kukushkin的回答，有时候你需要安全地赋值给数组下标，也需要从它们中读取。
myArray[safe: badIndex] = newValue
因此，这里是对Nikita的答案(Swift 3.2)的更新，通过添加safe:参数名，也允许安全写入可变数组索引。
extension Collection {
/// Returns the element at the specified index if it is within bounds, otherwise nil.
subscript(safe index: Index) -> Element? {
return indices.contains(index) ? self[index] : nil
}
}
extension MutableCollection {
subscript(safe index: Index) -> Element? {
get {
return indices.contains(index) ? self[index] : nil
}
set(newValue) {
if let newValue = newValue, indices.contains(index) {
self[index] = newValue
}
}
}
}
