简单如：sorted（dict1，key=dict1.get）

嗯，实际上可以进行“按字典值排序”。最近，我不得不在代码高尔夫（堆栈溢出问题代码高尔夫：单词频率表）中这样做。简言之，问题是这样的：给定一个文本，计算每个单词遇到的频率，并显示一个按频率递减排序的顶级单词列表。

如果您构建一个字典，将单词作为关键字，将每个单词的出现次数作为值，则此处简化为：

from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict(int)
for w in text.split():
    d[w] += 1

然后，您可以得到一个单词列表，按使用频率排序，排序（d，key=d.get）-排序将使用单词出现的次数作为排序关键字，在字典关键字上迭代。

for w in sorted(d, key=d.get, reverse=True):
    print(w, d[w])

我写这篇详细的解释是为了说明人们通常所说的“我可以很容易地按关键字对字典进行排序，但我如何按值排序”——我认为最初的文章正试图解决这一问题。解决方案是根据这些值列出一些键，如上所示。

months = {"January": 31, "February": 28, "March": 31, "April": 30, "May": 31,
          "June": 30, "July": 31, "August": 31, "September": 30, "October": 31,
          "November": 30, "December": 31}

def mykey(t):
    """ Customize your sorting logic using this function.  The parameter to
    this function is a tuple.  Comment/uncomment the return statements to test
    different logics.
    """
    return t[1]              # sort by number of days in the month
    #return t[1], t[0]       # sort by number of days, then by month name
    #return len(t[0])        # sort by length of month name
    #return t[0][-1]         # sort by last character of month name


# Since a dictionary can't be sorted by value, what you can do is to convert
# it into a list of tuples with tuple length 2.
# You can then do custom sorts by passing your own function to sorted().
months_as_list = sorted(months.items(), key=mykey, reverse=False)

for month in months_as_list:
    print month

您还可以创建“反向索引”

from collections import defaultdict
inverse= defaultdict( list )
for k, v in originalDict.items():
    inverse[v].append( k )

现在你的逆函数有了值；每个值都有一个适用的键列表。

for k in sorted(inverse):
    print k, inverse[k]

from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict

def sortedDictByKey(self,data):
    """Sorted dictionary order by key"""
    sortedDict = SortedDict()
    if data:
        if isinstance(data, dict):
            sortedKey = sorted(data.keys())
            for k in sortedKey:
                sortedDict[k] = data[k]
    return sortedDict

遍历dict并按其值降序排序：

$ python --version
Python 3.2.2

$ cat sort_dict_by_val_desc.py 
dictionary = dict(siis = 1, sana = 2, joka = 3, tuli = 4, aina = 5)
for word in sorted(dictionary, key=dictionary.get, reverse=True):
  print(word, dictionary[word])

$ python sort_dict_by_val_desc.py 
aina 5
tuli 4
joka 3
sana 2
siis 1

这是代码：

import operator
origin_list = [
    {"name": "foo", "rank": 0, "rofl": 20000},
    {"name": "Silly", "rank": 15, "rofl": 1000},
    {"name": "Baa", "rank": 300, "rofl": 20},
    {"name": "Zoo", "rank": 10, "rofl": 200},
    {"name": "Penguin", "rank": -1, "rofl": 10000}
]
print ">> Original >>"
for foo in origin_list:
    print foo

print "\n>> Rofl sort >>"
for foo in sorted(origin_list, key=operator.itemgetter("rofl")):
    print foo

print "\n>> Rank sort >>"
for foo in sorted(origin_list, key=operator.itemgetter("rank")):
    print foo

以下是结果：

起初的

{'name': 'foo', 'rank': 0, 'rofl': 20000}
{'name': 'Silly', 'rank': 15, 'rofl': 1000}
{'name': 'Baa', 'rank': 300, 'rofl': 20}
{'name': 'Zoo', 'rank': 10, 'rofl': 200}
{'name': 'Penguin', 'rank': -1, 'rofl': 10000}

Rofl

{'name': 'Baa', 'rank': 300, 'rofl': 20}
{'name': 'Zoo', 'rank': 10, 'rofl': 200}
{'name': 'Silly', 'rank': 15, 'rofl': 1000}
{'name': 'Penguin', 'rank': -1, 'rofl': 10000}
{'name': 'foo', 'rank': 0, 'rofl': 20000}

等级

{'name': 'Penguin', 'rank': -1, 'rofl': 10000}
{'name': 'foo', 'rank': 0, 'rofl': 20000}
{'name': 'Zoo', 'rank': 10, 'rofl': 200}
{'name': 'Silly', 'rank': 15, 'rofl': 1000}
{'name': 'Baa', 'rank': 300, 'rofl': 20}