我有一个从数据库中两个字段读取的值字典:字符串字段和数字字段。字符串字段是唯一的,因此它是字典的关键字。

我可以按关键字排序,但如何根据值排序?

注意:我在这里读过堆栈溢出问题。如何根据字典的值对字典列表进行排序?并且可能会更改我的代码,使其具有字典列表,但由于我确实不需要字典列表,我想知道是否有更简单的解决方案来按升序或降序排序。


当前回答

months = {"January": 31, "February": 28, "March": 31, "April": 30, "May": 31,
          "June": 30, "July": 31, "August": 31, "September": 30, "October": 31,
          "November": 30, "December": 31}

def mykey(t):
    """ Customize your sorting logic using this function.  The parameter to
    this function is a tuple.  Comment/uncomment the return statements to test
    different logics.
    """
    return t[1]              # sort by number of days in the month
    #return t[1], t[0]       # sort by number of days, then by month name
    #return len(t[0])        # sort by length of month name
    #return t[0][-1]         # sort by last character of month name


# Since a dictionary can't be sorted by value, what you can do is to convert
# it into a list of tuples with tuple length 2.
# You can then do custom sorts by passing your own function to sorted().
months_as_list = sorted(months.items(), key=mykey, reverse=False)

for month in months_as_list:
    print month

其他回答

在Python 2.7中,只需执行以下操作:

from collections import OrderedDict
# regular unsorted dictionary
d = {'banana': 3, 'apple':4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2}

# dictionary sorted by key
OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: t[0]))
OrderedDict([('apple', 4), ('banana', 3), ('orange', 2), ('pear', 1)])

# dictionary sorted by value
OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: t[1]))
OrderedDict([('pear', 1), ('orange', 2), ('banana', 3), ('apple', 4)])

复制粘贴自:http://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#ordereddict-示例和食谱

享受;-)

我刚刚从Python for Everyone学习了相关技能。

您可以使用临时列表来帮助您对词典进行排序:

# Assume dictionary to be:
d = {'apple': 500.1, 'banana': 1500.2, 'orange': 1.0, 'pineapple': 789.0}

# Create a temporary list
tmp = []

# Iterate through the dictionary and append each tuple into the temporary list
for key, value in d.items():
    tmptuple = (value, key)
    tmp.append(tmptuple)

# Sort the list in ascending order
tmp = sorted(tmp)

print (tmp)

如果要按降序排序列表,只需将原始排序行更改为:

tmp = sorted(tmp, reverse=True)

使用列表理解,一行是:

# Assuming the dictionary looks like
d = {'apple': 500.1, 'banana': 1500.2, 'orange': 1.0, 'pineapple': 789.0}
# One-liner for sorting in ascending order
print (sorted([(v, k) for k, v in d.items()]))
# One-liner for sorting in descending order
print (sorted([(v, k) for k, v in d.items()], reverse=True))

样本输出:

# Ascending order
[(1.0, 'orange'), (500.1, 'apple'), (789.0, 'pineapple'), (1500.2, 'banana')]
# Descending order
[(1500.2, 'banana'), (789.0, 'pineapple'), (500.1, 'apple'), (1.0, 'orange')]

除了使用内置模块等,我尝试手动解决它。。。

首先,我制作了一个函数,其任务是返回dict的每个项的最小值:

def returnminDict(_dct):
    dict_items = _dct.items()
    list_items = list(dict_items)
    init_items = list_items[0]
    for i in range(len(list_items)):
        if list_items[i][1] > init_items[1]:
           continue
        else:
           init_items = list_items[i]
    return init_items

第二,现在我们有一个函数,它返回一个具有最小值的项。然后我做了一个新的格言,并在格言上循环:

def SelectDictSort(_dct):
    new_dict = {}
    while _dct:
        mindict = returnminDict(_dct)
        new_dict.update(dict((mindict,)))
        _dct.pop(mindict[0])
    return new_dict

我尝试使用SelectDictSort({2:5,5:1,4:3,1:1,0:1,9:2,8:2})。它将返回:

{0: 1, 1: 1, 5: 1, 8: 2, 9: 2, 4: 3, 2: 5}

嗯……我不知道哪一个是正确的,但这是我尝试过的。。。

您还可以使用可以传递给参数键的自定义函数。

def dict_val(x):
    return x[1]

x = {1: 2, 3: 4, 4: 3, 2: 1, 0: 0}
sorted_x = sorted(x.items(), key=dict_val)

为了完整起见,我发布了一个使用heapq的解决方案。注意,此方法适用于数值和非数值

>>> x = {1: 2, 3: 4, 4:3, 2:1, 0:0}
>>> x_items = x.items()
>>> heapq.heapify(x_items)
>>> #To sort in reverse order
>>> heapq.nlargest(len(x_items),x_items, operator.itemgetter(1))
[(3, 4), (4, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (0, 0)]
>>> #To sort in ascending order
>>> heapq.nsmallest(len(x_items),x_items, operator.itemgetter(1))
[(0, 0), (2, 1), (1, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4)]