字典无法排序，但您可以根据它们构建排序列表。

字典值的排序列表：

sorted(d.values())

按值排序的（键、值）对列表：

from operator import itemgetter
sorted(d.items(), key=itemgetter(1))

如果值是数字，则还可以使用集合中的计数器。

from collections import Counter

x = {'hello': 1, 'python': 5, 'world': 3}
c = Counter(x)
print(c.most_common())

>> [('python', 5), ('world', 3), ('hello', 1)]    

这是一个在d.values（）和d.keys（）上使用zip的解决方案。此链接（在Dictionary视图对象上）下面的几行是：

这允许使用zip（）创建（value，key）对：pairs＝zip（d.values（），d.keys（））。

因此，我们可以执行以下操作：

d = {'key1': 874.7, 'key2': 5, 'key3': 8.1}

d_sorted = sorted(zip(d.values(), d.keys()))

print d_sorted 
# prints: [(5, 'key2'), (8.1, 'key3'), (874.7, 'key1')]

为了完整起见，我发布了一个使用heapq的解决方案。注意，此方法适用于数值和非数值

>>> x = {1: 2, 3: 4, 4:3, 2:1, 0:0}
>>> x_items = x.items()
>>> heapq.heapify(x_items)
>>> #To sort in reverse order
>>> heapq.nlargest(len(x_items),x_items, operator.itemgetter(1))
[(3, 4), (4, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (0, 0)]
>>> #To sort in ascending order
>>> heapq.nsmallest(len(x_items),x_items, operator.itemgetter(1))
[(0, 0), (2, 1), (1, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4)]

尝试以下方法。让我们用以下数据定义一个名为mydict的字典：

mydict = {'carl':40,
          'alan':2,
          'bob':1,
          'danny':3}

如果要按关键字对字典进行排序，可以执行以下操作：

for key in sorted(mydict.iterkeys()):
    print "%s: %s" % (key, mydict[key])

这将返回以下输出：

alan: 2
bob: 1
carl: 40
danny: 3

另一方面，如果想要按值对字典进行排序（如问题中所问），可以执行以下操作：

for key, value in sorted(mydict.iteritems(), key=lambda (k,v): (v,k)):
    print "%s: %s" % (key, value)

此命令的结果（按值对字典进行排序）应返回以下内容：

bob: 1
alan: 2
danny: 3
carl: 40

months = {"January": 31, "February": 28, "March": 31, "April": 30, "May": 31,
          "June": 30, "July": 31, "August": 31, "September": 30, "October": 31,
          "November": 30, "December": 31}

def mykey(t):
    """ Customize your sorting logic using this function.  The parameter to
    this function is a tuple.  Comment/uncomment the return statements to test
    different logics.
    """
    return t[1]              # sort by number of days in the month
    #return t[1], t[0]       # sort by number of days, then by month name
    #return len(t[0])        # sort by length of month name
    #return t[0][-1]         # sort by last character of month name


# Since a dictionary can't be sorted by value, what you can do is to convert
# it into a list of tuples with tuple length 2.
# You can then do custom sorts by passing your own function to sorted().
months_as_list = sorted(months.items(), key=mykey, reverse=False)

for month in months_as_list:
    print month