我希望提供一个结构化的配置文件，它对于非技术用户来说尽可能容易编辑(不幸的是它必须是一个文件)，所以我想使用YAML。然而，我找不到任何方法从Unix shell脚本解析这个。
当前回答
以下是Stefan Farestam回答的扩展版本:
function parse_yaml {
local prefix=$2
local s='[[:space:]]*' w='[a-zA-Z0-9_]*' fs=$(echo @|tr @ '\034')
sed -ne "s|,$s\]$s\$|]|" \
-e ":1;s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\[$s\(.*\)$s,$s\(.*\)$s\]|\1\2: [\3]\n\1 - \4|;t1" \
-e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\[$s\(.*\)$s\]|\1\2:\n\1 - \3|;p" $1 | \
sed -ne "s|,$s}$s\$|}|" \
-e ":1;s|^\($s\)-$s{$s\(.*\)$s,$s\($w\)$s:$s\(.*\)$s}|\1- {\2}\n\1 \3: \4|;t1" \
-e "s|^\($s\)-$s{$s\(.*\)$s}|\1-\n\1 \2|;p" | \
sed -ne "s|^\($s\):|\1|" \
-e "s|^\($s\)-$s[\"']\(.*\)[\"']$s\$|\1$fs$fs\2|p" \
-e "s|^\($s\)-$s\(.*\)$s\$|\1$fs$fs\2|p" \
-e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s[\"']\(.*\)[\"']$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" \
-e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\(.*\)$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" | \
awk -F$fs '{
indent = length($1)/2;
vname[indent] = $2;
for (i in vname) {if (i > indent) {delete vname[i]; idx[i]=0}}
if(length($2)== 0){ vname[indent]= ++idx[indent] };
if (length($3) > 0) {
vn=""; for (i=0; i<indent; i++) { vn=(vn)(vname[i])("_")}
printf("%s%s%s=\"%s\"\n", "'$prefix'",vn, vname[indent], $3);
}
}'
}
该版本支持字典和列表的-符号和短符号。以下输入:
global:
input:
- "main.c"
- "main.h"
flags: [ "-O3", "-fpic" ]
sample_input:
- { property1: value, property2: "value2" }
- { property1: "value3", property2: 'value 4' }
产生如下输出:
global_input_1="main.c"
global_input_2="main.h"
global_flags_1="-O3"
global_flags_2="-fpic"
global_sample_input_1_property1="value"
global_sample_input_1_property2="value2"
global_sample_input_2_property1="value3"
global_sample_input_2_property2="value 4"
as you can see the - items automatically get numbered in order to obtain different variable names for each item. In bash there are no multidimensional arrays, so this is one way to work around. Multiple levels are supported. To work around the problem with trailing white spaces mentioned by @briceburg one should enclose the values in single or double quotes. However, there are still some limitations: Expansion of the dictionaries and lists can produce wrong results when values contain commas. Also, more complex structures like values spanning multiple lines (like ssh-keys) are not (yet) supported.
A few words about the code: The first sed command expands the short form of dictionaries { key: value, ...} to regular and converts them to more simple yaml style. The second sed call does the same for the short notation of lists and converts [ entry, ... ] to an itemized list with the - notation. The third sed call is the original one that handled normal dictionaries, now with the addition to handle lists with - and indentations. The awk part introduces an index for each indentation level and increases it when the variable name is empty (i.e. when processing a list). The current value of the counters are used instead of the empty vname. When going up one level, the counters are zeroed.
编辑:我已经为此创建了一个github存储库。
其他回答
你可以用golang写成yq的等价形式:
./go-yg -yamlFile /home/user/dev/ansible-firefox/defaults/main.yml -key
firefox_version
返回:
62.0.3
以下是Stefan Farestam回答的扩展版本:
function parse_yaml {
local prefix=$2
local s='[[:space:]]*' w='[a-zA-Z0-9_]*' fs=$(echo @|tr @ '\034')
sed -ne "s|,$s\]$s\$|]|" \
-e ":1;s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\[$s\(.*\)$s,$s\(.*\)$s\]|\1\2: [\3]\n\1 - \4|;t1" \
-e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\[$s\(.*\)$s\]|\1\2:\n\1 - \3|;p" $1 | \
sed -ne "s|,$s}$s\$|}|" \
-e ":1;s|^\($s\)-$s{$s\(.*\)$s,$s\($w\)$s:$s\(.*\)$s}|\1- {\2}\n\1 \3: \4|;t1" \
-e "s|^\($s\)-$s{$s\(.*\)$s}|\1-\n\1 \2|;p" | \
sed -ne "s|^\($s\):|\1|" \
-e "s|^\($s\)-$s[\"']\(.*\)[\"']$s\$|\1$fs$fs\2|p" \
-e "s|^\($s\)-$s\(.*\)$s\$|\1$fs$fs\2|p" \
-e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s[\"']\(.*\)[\"']$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" \
-e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\(.*\)$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" | \
awk -F$fs '{
indent = length($1)/2;
vname[indent] = $2;
for (i in vname) {if (i > indent) {delete vname[i]; idx[i]=0}}
if(length($2)== 0){ vname[indent]= ++idx[indent] };
if (length($3) > 0) {
vn=""; for (i=0; i<indent; i++) { vn=(vn)(vname[i])("_")}
printf("%s%s%s=\"%s\"\n", "'$prefix'",vn, vname[indent], $3);
}
}'
}
该版本支持字典和列表的-符号和短符号。以下输入:
global:
input:
- "main.c"
- "main.h"
flags: [ "-O3", "-fpic" ]
sample_input:
- { property1: value, property2: "value2" }
- { property1: "value3", property2: 'value 4' }
产生如下输出:
global_input_1="main.c"
global_input_2="main.h"
global_flags_1="-O3"
global_flags_2="-fpic"
global_sample_input_1_property1="value"
global_sample_input_1_property2="value2"
global_sample_input_2_property1="value3"
global_sample_input_2_property2="value 4"
as you can see the - items automatically get numbered in order to obtain different variable names for each item. In bash there are no multidimensional arrays, so this is one way to work around. Multiple levels are supported. To work around the problem with trailing white spaces mentioned by @briceburg one should enclose the values in single or double quotes. However, there are still some limitations: Expansion of the dictionaries and lists can produce wrong results when values contain commas. Also, more complex structures like values spanning multiple lines (like ssh-keys) are not (yet) supported.
A few words about the code: The first sed command expands the short form of dictionaries { key: value, ...} to regular and converts them to more simple yaml style. The second sed call does the same for the short notation of lists and converts [ entry, ... ] to an itemized list with the - notation. The third sed call is the original one that handled normal dictionaries, now with the addition to handle lists with - and indentations. The awk part introduces an index for each indentation level and increases it when the variable name is empty (i.e. when processing a list). The current value of the counters are used instead of the empty vname. When going up one level, the counters are zeroed.
编辑:我已经为此创建了一个github存储库。
使用Python的PyYAML或YAML::Perl等库最容易进行复杂的解析。
如果您希望将所有YAML值解析为bash值，请尝试此脚本。这也可以处理注释。参见下面的示例用法:
# pparse.py
import yaml
import sys
def parse_yaml(yml, name=''):
if isinstance(yml, list):
for data in yml:
parse_yaml(data, name)
elif isinstance(yml, dict):
if (len(yml) == 1) and not isinstance(yml[list(yml.keys())[0]], list):
print(str(name+'_'+list(yml.keys())[0]+'='+str(yml[list(yml.keys())[0]]))[1:])
else:
for key in yml:
parse_yaml(yml[key], name+'_'+key)
if __name__=="__main__":
yml = yaml.safe_load(open(sys.argv[1]))
parse_yaml(yml)
test.yml
- folders:
- temp_folder: datasets/outputs/tmp
- keep_temp_folder: false
- MFA:
- MFA: false
- speaker_count: 1
- G2P:
- G2P: true
- G2P_model: models/MFA/G2P/english_g2p.zip
- input_folder: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/wavs
- output_dictionary: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/dictionary.dict
- dictionary: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/dictionary.dict
- acoustic_model: models/MFA/acoustic/english.zip
- temp_folder: datasets/outputs/tmp
- jobs: 4
- align:
- config: configs/MFA/align.yaml
- dataset: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/wavs
- output_folder: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech-aligned
- TTS:
- output_folder: datasets/outputs/Youtube
- preprocess:
- preprocess: true
- config: configs/TTS_preprocess.yaml # Default Config
- textgrid_folder: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech-aligned
- output_duration_folder: datasets/outputs/Youtube/durations
- sampling_rate: 44000 # Make sure sampling rate is same here as in preprocess config
需要YAML值的脚本:
yaml() {
eval $(python pparse.py "$1")
}
yaml "test.yml"
# What python printed to bash:
folders_temp_folder=datasets/outputs/tmp
folders_keep_temp_folder=False
MFA_MFA=False
MFA_speaker_count=1
MFA_G2P_G2P=True
MFA_G2P_G2P_model=models/MFA/G2P/english_g2p.zip
MFA_G2P_input_folder=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/wavs
MFA_G2P_output_dictionary=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/dictionary.dict
MFA_dictionary=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/dictionary.dict
MFA_acoustic_model=models/MFA/acoustic/english.zip
MFA_temp_folder=datasets/outputs/tmp
MFA_jobs=4
MFA_align_config=configs/MFA/align.yaml
MFA_align_dataset=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/wavs
MFA_align_output_folder=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech-aligned
TTS_output_folder=datasets/outputs/Youtube
TTS_preprocess_preprocess=True
TTS_preprocess_config=configs/TTS_preprocess.yaml
TTS_preprocess_textgrid_folder=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech-aligned
TTS_preprocess_output_duration_folder=datasets/outputs/Youtube/durations
TTS_preprocess_sampling_rate=44000
使用bash访问变量:
echo "$TTS_preprocess_sampling_rate";
>>> 44000
可以将一个小脚本传递给一些解释器，比如Python。使用Ruby和它的YAML库的简单方法如下:
$ RUBY_SCRIPT="data = YAML::load(STDIN.read); puts data['a']; puts data['b']"
$ echo -e '---\na: 1234\nb: 4321' | ruby -ryaml -e "$RUBY_SCRIPT"
1234
4321
，其中data是来自yaml的值的散列(或数组)。
作为奖励，它可以很好地解析杰基尔的正面问题。
ruby -ryaml -e "puts YAML::load(open(ARGV.first).read)['tags']" example.md
我的用例可能与这篇原始文章所要求的完全相同，也可能不完全相同，但它肯定是相似的。
我需要拉一些YAML作为bash变量。YAML的深度永远不会超过一层。
YAML看起来是这样的:
KEY: value
ANOTHER_KEY: another_value
OH_MY_SO_MANY_KEYS: yet_another_value
LAST_KEY: last_value
输出如下:
KEY="value"
ANOTHER_KEY="another_value"
OH_MY_SO_MANY_KEYS="yet_another_value"
LAST_KEY="last_value"
我用这一行实现了输出:
sed -e 's/:[^:\/\/]/="/g;s/$/"/g;s/ *=/=/g' file.yaml > file.sh
s/:[^:\/\/]/="/g查找:并将其替换为="，同时忽略://(对于url) S /$/"/g将"附加到每一行的末尾 S / *=/=/g删除=前面的所有空格
推荐文章
- 查看PS命令的全部输出
- 确保一次只运行一个shell脚本实例的快速方法
- 如何从同一个YAML文件的其他地方引用YAML“设置”?
- 如何在Makefile中设置子进程的环境变量
- 如何让“wc -l”打印没有文件名的行数?
- 有效地测试Linux上的端口是否打开?
- 如何从另一个文件A中删除文件B中出现的行?
- Shell脚本删除超过n天的目录
- 如何检查shell脚本中是否存在命令?
- 如何使用查找命令从列表中查找所有具有扩展名的文件?
- 如何打破一个循环在Bash?
- 如何合并2 JSON对象从2个文件使用jq?
- 删除Bash脚本中的重复条目
- 如何将Bash命令的输出分配给变量?
- PHP中的异步shell执行器
