我知道我的回答很具体，但是如果已经安装了PHP和Symfony，那么使用Symfony的YAML解析器会非常方便。

例如:

php -r "require '$SYMFONY_ROOT_PATH/vendor/autoload.php'; \
    var_dump(\Symfony\Component\Yaml\Yaml::parse(file_get_contents('$YAML_FILE_PATH')));"

这里我只是简单地使用var_dump来输出解析后的数组，当然你还可以做更多…：）

以下是Stefan Farestam回答的扩展版本:

function parse_yaml {
   local prefix=$2
   local s='[[:space:]]*' w='[a-zA-Z0-9_]*' fs=$(echo @|tr @ '\034')
   sed -ne "s|,$s\]$s\$|]|" \
        -e ":1;s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\[$s\(.*\)$s,$s\(.*\)$s\]|\1\2: [\3]\n\1  - \4|;t1" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\[$s\(.*\)$s\]|\1\2:\n\1  - \3|;p" $1 | \
   sed -ne "s|,$s}$s\$|}|" \
        -e ":1;s|^\($s\)-$s{$s\(.*\)$s,$s\($w\)$s:$s\(.*\)$s}|\1- {\2}\n\1  \3: \4|;t1" \
        -e    "s|^\($s\)-$s{$s\(.*\)$s}|\1-\n\1  \2|;p" | \
   sed -ne "s|^\($s\):|\1|" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)-$s[\"']\(.*\)[\"']$s\$|\1$fs$fs\2|p" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)-$s\(.*\)$s\$|\1$fs$fs\2|p" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s[\"']\(.*\)[\"']$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\(.*\)$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" | \
   awk -F$fs '{
      indent = length($1)/2;
      vname[indent] = $2;
      for (i in vname) {if (i > indent) {delete vname[i]; idx[i]=0}}
      if(length($2)== 0){  vname[indent]= ++idx[indent] };
      if (length($3) > 0) {
         vn=""; for (i=0; i<indent; i++) { vn=(vn)(vname[i])("_")}
         printf("%s%s%s=\"%s\"\n", "'$prefix'",vn, vname[indent], $3);
      }
   }'
}

该版本支持字典和列表的-符号和短符号。以下输入:

global:
  input:
    - "main.c"
    - "main.h"
  flags: [ "-O3", "-fpic" ]
  sample_input:
    -  { property1: value, property2: "value2" }
    -  { property1: "value3", property2: 'value 4' }

产生如下输出:

global_input_1="main.c"
global_input_2="main.h"
global_flags_1="-O3"
global_flags_2="-fpic"
global_sample_input_1_property1="value"
global_sample_input_1_property2="value2"
global_sample_input_2_property1="value3"
global_sample_input_2_property2="value 4"

as you can see the - items automatically get numbered in order to obtain different variable names for each item. In bash there are no multidimensional arrays, so this is one way to work around. Multiple levels are supported. To work around the problem with trailing white spaces mentioned by @briceburg one should enclose the values in single or double quotes. However, there are still some limitations: Expansion of the dictionaries and lists can produce wrong results when values contain commas. Also, more complex structures like values spanning multiple lines (like ssh-keys) are not (yet) supported.

A few words about the code: The first sed command expands the short form of dictionaries { key: value, ...} to regular and converts them to more simple yaml style. The second sed call does the same for the short notation of lists and converts [ entry, ... ] to an itemized list with the - notation. The third sed call is the original one that handled normal dictionaries, now with the addition to handle lists with - and indentations. The awk part introduces an index for each indentation level and increases it when the variable name is empty (i.e. when processing a list). The current value of the counters are used instead of the empty vname. When going up one level, the counters are zeroed.

编辑:我已经为此创建了一个github存储库。

如果你需要一个单一的值，你可以使用一个工具将你的YAML文档转换为JSON并提供给jq，例如yq。

sample.yaml的内容:

---
bob:
  item1:
    cats: bananas
  item2:
    cats: apples
  thing:
    cats: oranges

例子:

$ yq -r '.bob["thing"]["cats"]' sample.yaml 
oranges

另一种选择是将YAML转换为JSON，然后使用jq与JSON表示进行交互，从其中提取信息或编辑信息。

我写了一个简单的bash脚本，包含这个胶水-见Y2J项目在GitHub上

现在做这件事的一个快速方法(以前的方法对我没用):

sudo wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/download/v4.4.1/yq_linux_amd64 -O /usr/bin/yq &&\
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/yq

示例asd.yaml:

a_list:
  - key1: value1
    key2: value2
    key3: value3

解析:根

user@vm:~$ yq e '.' asd.yaml                                                                                                         
a_list:
  - key1: value1
    key2: value2
    key3: value3

解析key3:

user@vm:~$ yq e '.a_list[0].key3' asd.yaml                                                                                             
value3

很难说，因为这取决于您希望解析器从YAML文档中提取什么。对于简单的情况，你可以使用grep、cut、awk等。对于更复杂的解析，您需要使用成熟的解析库，如Python的PyYAML或YAML::Perl。