考虑到Python3和PyYAML是非常容易满足的依赖关系，下面的代码可能会有所帮助:

yaml() {
    python3 -c "import yaml;print(yaml.safe_load(open('$1'))$2)"
}

VALUE=$(yaml ~/my_yaml_file.yaml "['a_key']")

perl -ne 'chomp; printf qq/%s="%s"\n/, split(/\s*:\s*/,$_,2)' file.yml > file.sh

另一种选择是将YAML转换为JSON，然后使用jq与JSON表示进行交互，从其中提取信息或编辑信息。

我写了一个简单的bash脚本，包含这个胶水-见Y2J项目在GitHub上

我已经用python编写了shyaml，用于从shell命令行查询YAML。

概述:

$ pip install shyaml      ## installation

示例的YAML文件(具有复杂的功能):

$ cat <<EOF > test.yaml
name: "MyName !!"
subvalue:
    how-much: 1.1
    things:
        - first
        - second
        - third
    other-things: [a, b, c]
    maintainer: "Valentin Lab"
    description: |
        Multiline description:
        Line 1
        Line 2
EOF

基本的查询:

$ cat test.yaml | shyaml get-value subvalue.maintainer
Valentin Lab

更复杂的循环查询复杂的值:

$ cat test.yaml | shyaml values-0 | \
  while read -r -d $'\0' value; do
      echo "RECEIVED: '$value'"
  done
RECEIVED: '1.1'
RECEIVED: '- first
- second
- third'
RECEIVED: '2'
RECEIVED: 'Valentin Lab'
RECEIVED: 'Multiline description:
Line 1
Line 2'

以下几个要点:

all YAML types and syntax oddities are correctly handled, as multiline, quoted strings, inline sequences... \0 padded output is available for solid multiline entry manipulation. simple dotted notation to select sub-values (ie: subvalue.maintainer is a valid key). access by index is provided to sequences (ie: subvalue.things.-1 is the last element of the subvalue.things sequence.) access to all sequence/structs elements in one go for use in bash loops. you can output whole subpart of a YAML file as ... YAML, which blend well for further manipulations with shyaml.

更多的示例和文档可以在shyaml github页面或shyaml PyPI页面上找到。

Whenever you need a solution for "How to work with YAML/JSON/compatible data from a shell script" which works on just about every OS with Python (*nix, OSX, Windows), consider yamlpath, which provides several command-line tools for reading, writing, searching, and merging YAML, EYAML, JSON, and compatible files. Since just about every OS either comes with Python pre-installed or it is trivial to install, this makes yamlpath highly portable. Even more interesting: this project defines an intuitive path language with very powerful, command-line-friendly syntax that enables accessing one or more nodes.

针对您的具体问题，在使用Python的本地包管理器或您的操作系统的包管理器安装yamlpath之后(yamlpath可以通过RPM对某些操作系统提供):

#!/bin/bash
# Read values directly from YAML (or EYAML, JSON, etc) for use in this shell script:
myShellVar=$(yaml-get --query=any.path.no[matter%how].complex source-file.yaml)

# Use the value any way you need:
echo "Retrieved ${myShellVar}"

# Perhaps change the value and write it back:
myShellVar="New Value"
yaml-set --change=/any/path/no[matter%how]/complex --value="$myShellVar" source-file.yaml

不过，您没有指定数据是一个简单的Scalar值，因此让我们提高赌注。如果你想要的结果是一个数组呢?更有挑战性的是，如果它是一个哈希数组，而你只想要每个结果的一个属性呢?进一步假设您的数据实际上分布在多个YAML文件中，并且您需要在单个查询中获得所有结果。这是一个更有趣的问题。所以，假设你有这两个YAML文件:

文件:data1.yaml

---
baubles:
  - name: Doohickey
    sku: 0-000-1
    price: 4.75
    weight: 2.7g
  - name: Doodad
    sku: 0-000-2
    price: 10.5
    weight: 5g
  - name: Oddball
    sku: 0-000-3
    price: 25.99
    weight: 25kg

文件:data2.yaml

---
baubles:
  - name: Fob
    sku: 0-000-4
    price: 0.99
    weight: 18mg
  - name: Doohickey
    price: 10.5
  - name: Oddball
    sku: 0-000-3
    description: This ball is odd

在应用数据2的更改后，如何仅报告库存中每个项目的sku。Yaml到data1。Yaml，所有从一个shell脚本?试试这个:

#!/bin/bash
baubleSKUs=($(yaml-merge --aoh=deep data1.yaml data2.yaml | yaml-get --query=/baubles/sku -))

for sku in "${baubleSKUs[@]}"; do
    echo "Found bauble SKU:  ${sku}"
done

你只需要几行代码就能得到你想要的东西:

Found bauble SKU:  0-000-1
Found bauble SKU:  0-000-2
Found bauble SKU:  0-000-3
Found bauble SKU:  0-000-4

如您所见，yamlpath将非常复杂的问题转化为简单的解决方案。注意，整个查询是作为一个流处理的;查询没有更改YAML文件，也没有临时文件。

I realize this is "yet another tool to solve the same question" but after reading the other answers here, yamlpath appears more portable and robust than most alternatives. It also fully understands YAML/JSON/compatible files and it does not need to convert YAML to JSON to perform requested operations. As such, comments within the original YAML file are preserved whenever you need to change data in the source YAML file. Like some alternatives, yamlpath is also portable across OSes. More importantly, yamlpath defines a query language that is extremely powerful, enabling very specialized/filtered data queries. It can even operate against results from disparate parts of the file in a single query.

If you want to get or set many values in the data at once -- including complex data like hashes/arrays/maps/lists -- yamlpath can do that. Want a value but don't know precisely where it is in the document? yamlpath can find it and give you the exact path(s). Need to merge multiple data file together, including from STDIN? yamlpath does that, too. Further, yamlpath fully comprehends YAML anchors and their aliases, always giving or changing exactly the data you expect whether it is a concrete or referenced value.

免责声明:我编写并维护了yamlpath，它是基于ruamel的。yaml是基于PyYAML的。因此，yamlpath完全符合标准。

我刚刚写了一个解析器，我称之为Yay!(Yaml不是Yamlesque!)它解析Yamlesque, Yaml的一个小子集。因此，如果您正在为Bash寻找一个100%兼容的YAML解析器，那么这不是它。但是，为了引用OP，如果您想要一个结构化的配置文件，使非技术用户能够尽可能容易地编辑它，并且是类似yaml的，那么您可能会对它感兴趣。

它受到前面答案的启发，但编写了关联数组(是的，它需要Bash 4.x)而不是基本变量。它以一种允许在不事先了解键的情况下解析数据的方式进行操作，从而可以编写数据驱动的代码。

除了键/值数组元素外，每个数组都有一个包含键名列表的键数组、一个包含子数组名称的子数组和一个引用其父数组的父键。

这是Yamlesque的一个例子:

root_key1: this is value one
root_key2: "this is value two"

drink:
  state: liquid
  coffee:
    best_served: hot
    colour: brown
  orange_juice:
    best_served: cold
    colour: orange

food:
  state: solid
  apple_pie:
    best_served: warm

root_key_3: this is value three

下面是一个如何使用它的例子:

#!/bin/bash
# An example showing how to use Yay

. /usr/lib/yay

# helper to get array value at key
value() { eval echo \${$1[$2]}; }

# print a data collection
print_collection() {
  for k in $(value $1 keys)
  do
    echo "$2$k = $(value $1 $k)"
  done

  for c in $(value $1 children)
  do
    echo -e "$2$c\n$2{"
    print_collection $c "  $2"
    echo "$2}"
  done
}

yay example
print_collection example

输出:

root_key1 = this is value one
root_key2 = this is value two
root_key_3 = this is value three
example_drink
{
  state = liquid
  example_coffee
  {
    best_served = hot
    colour = brown
  }
  example_orange_juice
  {
    best_served = cold
    colour = orange
  }
}
example_food
{
  state = solid
  example_apple_pie
  {
    best_served = warm
  }
}

下面是解析器:

yay_parse() {

   # find input file
   for f in "$1" "$1.yay" "$1.yml"
   do
     [[ -f "$f" ]] && input="$f" && break
   done
   [[ -z "$input" ]] && exit 1

   # use given dataset prefix or imply from file name
   [[ -n "$2" ]] && local prefix="$2" || {
     local prefix=$(basename "$input"); prefix=${prefix%.*}
   }

   echo "declare -g -A $prefix;"

   local s='[[:space:]]*' w='[a-zA-Z0-9_]*' fs=$(echo @|tr @ '\034')
   sed -n -e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\"\(.*\)\"$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" \
          -e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\(.*\)$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" "$input" |
   awk -F$fs '{
      indent       = length($1)/2;
      key          = $2;
      value        = $3;

      # No prefix or parent for the top level (indent zero)
      root_prefix  = "'$prefix'_";
      if (indent ==0 ) {
        prefix = "";          parent_key = "'$prefix'";
      } else {
        prefix = root_prefix; parent_key = keys[indent-1];
      }

      keys[indent] = key;

      # remove keys left behind if prior row was indented more than this row
      for (i in keys) {if (i > indent) {delete keys[i]}}

      if (length(value) > 0) {
         # value
         printf("%s%s[%s]=\"%s\";\n", prefix, parent_key , key, value);
         printf("%s%s[keys]+=\" %s\";\n", prefix, parent_key , key);
      } else {
         # collection
         printf("%s%s[children]+=\" %s%s\";\n", prefix, parent_key , root_prefix, key);
         printf("declare -g -A %s%s;\n", root_prefix, key);
         printf("%s%s[parent]=\"%s%s\";\n", root_prefix, key, prefix, parent_key);
      }
   }'
}

# helper to load yay data file
yay() { eval $(yay_parse "$@"); }

在链接的源文件中有一些文档，下面是对代码功能的简短解释。

yay_parse函数首先定位输入文件或退出，退出状态为1。接下来，它确定数据集前缀，要么显式指定，要么从文件名派生。

它将有效的bash命令写入其标准输出，如果执行该输出，则定义表示输入数据文件内容的数组。第一个定义了顶级数组:

echo "declare -g -A $prefix;"

注意，数组声明是关联的(-A)，这是Bash版本4的一个特性。声明也是全局的(-g)，所以它们可以在函数中执行，但像yay helper一样可用于全局作用域:

yay() { eval $(yay_parse "$@"); }

最初使用sed处理输入数据。它删除不匹配Yamlesque格式规范的行，然后用ASCII文件分隔符分隔有效的Yamlesque字段，并删除值字段周围的任何双引号。

 local s='[[:space:]]*' w='[a-zA-Z0-9_]*' fs=$(echo @|tr @ '\034')
 sed -n -e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\"\(.*\)\"$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\(.*\)$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" "$input" |

这两种表达是相似的;它们的不同之处在于第一个选择了带引号的值，而第二个选择了不带引号的值。

使用文件分隔符(28/十六进制12/八进制034)是因为，作为一个不可打印字符，它不太可能出现在输入数据中。

结果通过管道传输到awk中，每次处理一行输入。它使用FS字符将每个字段分配给一个变量:

indent       = length($1)/2;
key          = $2;
value        = $3;

所有行都有缩进(可能为零)和键，但它们并不都有值。它为包含前导空白的第一个字段的长度除以2的行计算缩进级别。没有缩进的顶级项位于缩进级别0。

接下来，它计算出为当前项使用什么前缀。这是添加到键名中以创建数组名的内容。顶级数组有一个root_prefix，它被定义为数据集名称和一个下划线:

root_prefix  = "'$prefix'_";
if (indent ==0 ) {
  prefix = "";          parent_key = "'$prefix'";
} else {
  prefix = root_prefix; parent_key = keys[indent-1];
}

parent_key是位于当前行缩进级别之上的缩进级别的键，表示当前行所属的集合。集合的键/值对将存储在一个数组中，其名称定义为前缀和parent_key的连接。

对于顶层(缩进级别0)，数据集前缀被用作父键，因此它没有前缀(它被设置为“”)。所有其他数组都以根前缀作为前缀。

接下来，将当前键插入到包含键的(awk-internal)数组中。该数组在整个awk会话中持续存在，因此包含先前行插入的键。键以其缩进作为数组索引插入数组。

keys[indent] = key;

因为这个数组包含前几行的键，所以任何缩进级别大于当前行缩进级别的键都将被移除:

 for (i in keys) {if (i > indent) {delete keys[i]}}

这将留下包含从根缩进级别0到当前行的键链的keys数组。它删除前一行缩进比当前行更深时保留的过时键。

最后一部分输出bash命令:不带值的输入行开始一个新的缩进级别(在YAML中是一个集合)，带值的输入行向当前集合添加一个键。

集合的名称是当前行的前缀和parent_key的组合。

当一个键有一个值时，具有该值的键会被赋给当前集合，如下所示:

printf("%s%s[%s]=\"%s\";\n", prefix, parent_key , key, value);
printf("%s%s[keys]+=\" %s\";\n", prefix, parent_key , key);

第一个语句输出将值赋给一个以键命名的关联数组元素的命令，第二个语句输出将键添加到集合的空格分隔键列表的命令:

<current_collection>[<key>]="<value>";
<current_collection>[keys]+=" <key>";

当一个键没有值时，一个新的集合像这样开始:

printf("%s%s[children]+=\" %s%s\";\n", prefix, parent_key , root_prefix, key);
printf("declare -g -A %s%s;\n", root_prefix, key);

第一个语句输出将新集合添加到当前集合的空格分隔子列表的命令，第二个语句输出为新集合声明一个新的关联数组的命令:

<current_collection>[children]+=" <new_collection>"
declare -g -A <new_collection>;

yay_parse的所有输出都可以通过bash eval或源内置命令解析为bash命令。