Python允许从给定基数的字符串中轻松创建一个整数

int(str, base). 

我想执行相反的操作:从一个整数创建一个字符串, 例如,我想要一些函数int2base(num, base),这样:

int(int2base(x, b), b) == x

函数名/参数的顺序并不重要。

对于int()将接受的任何以b为底的数字x。

这是一个很容易写的函数:事实上,它比在这个问题中描述它更容易。然而,我觉得我一定是错过了什么。

我知道函数bin, oct, hex,但我不能使用它们的几个原因:

这些函数在旧版本的Python中不可用,我需要与(2.2)兼容 我想要一个通解对于不同的碱都可以用同样的方式表示 我想允许2 8 16以外的底数

相关的

Python优雅的int(string, base)逆函数 在python中使用递归的整数到base-x系统 Python中的Base 62转换 如何在Python中将整数转换为最短的url安全字符串?


当前回答

>>> import string
>>> def int2base(integer, base):
        if not integer: return '0'
        sign = 1 if integer > 0 else -1
        alphanum = string.digits + string.ascii_lowercase
        nums = alphanum[:base]
        res = ''
        integer *= sign
        while integer:
                integer, mod = divmod(integer, base)
                res += nums[mod]
        return ('' if sign == 1 else '-') + res[::-1]


>>> int2base(-15645, 23)
'-16d5'
>>> int2base(213, 21)
'a3'

其他回答

def base_changer(number,base):
    buff=97+abs(base-10)
    dic={};buff2='';buff3=10
    for i in range(97,buff+1):
        dic[buff3]=chr(i)
        buff3+=1   
    while(number>=base):
        mod=int(number%base)
        number=int(number//base)
        if (mod) in dic.keys():
            buff2+=dic[mod]
            continue
        buff2+=str(mod)
    if (number) in dic.keys():
        buff2+=dic[number]
    else:
        buff2+=str(number)

    return buff2[::-1]   

下面是一个处理有符号整数和自定义数字的递归版本。

import string

def base_convert(x, base, digits=None):
    """Convert integer `x` from base 10 to base `base` using `digits` characters as digits.
    If `digits` is omitted, it will use decimal digits + lowercase letters + uppercase letters.
    """
    digits = digits or (string.digits + string.ascii_letters)
    assert 2 <= base <= len(digits), "Unsupported base: {}".format(base)
    if x == 0:
        return digits[0]
    sign = '-' if x < 0 else ''
    x = abs(x)
    first_digits = base_convert(x // base, base, digits).lstrip(digits[0])
    return sign + first_digits + digits[x % base]

下面是一个如何将任意基数转换为另一个基数的示例。

from collections import namedtuple

Test = namedtuple("Test", ["n", "from_base", "to_base", "expected"])


def convert(n: int, from_base: int, to_base: int) -> int:
    digits = []
    while n:
        (n, r) = divmod(n, to_base)
        digits.append(r)    
    return sum(from_base ** i * v for i, v in enumerate(digits))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    tests = [
        Test(32, 16, 10, 50),
        Test(32, 20, 10, 62),
        Test(1010, 2, 10, 10),
        Test(8, 10, 8, 10),
        Test(150, 100, 1000, 150),
        Test(1500, 100, 10, 1050000),
    ]

    for test in tests:
        result = convert(*test[:-1])
        assert result == test.expected, f"{test=}, {result=}"
    print("PASSED!!!")

令人惊讶的是,人们给出的答案只能转换成小基数(比英语字母表的长度还小)。没有人试图给出一个可以转换为2到无穷任意底数的解。

这里有一个超级简单的解决方案:

def numberToBase(n, b):
    if n == 0:
        return [0]
    digits = []
    while n:
        digits.append(int(n % b))
        n //= b
    return digits[::-1]

所以如果你需要把一个超级大的数转换成577的底数,

numberToBase(67854 ** 15 - 102,577),将为您提供正确的解决方案: [4, 473, 131, 96, 431, 285, 524, 486, 28, 23, 16, 82, 292, 538, 149, 25, 41, 483, 100, 517, 131, 28, 0, 435, 197, 264, 455],

你以后可以把它转换成任何你想要的基数

at some point of time you will notice that sometimes there is no built-in library function to do things that you want, so you need to write your own. If you disagree, post you own solution with a built-in function which can convert a base 10 number to base 577. this is due to lack of understanding what a number in some base means. I encourage you to think for a little bit why base in your method works only for n <= 36. Once you are done, it will be obvious why my function returns a list and has the signature it has.

我为此做了一个小包裹。

我建议你使用我的bases.py https://github.com/kamijoutouma/bases.py,它的灵感来自于bases.js

from bases import Bases
bases = Bases()

bases.toBase16(200)                // => 'c8'
bases.toBase(200, 16)              // => 'c8'
bases.toBase62(99999)              // => 'q0T'
bases.toBase(200, 62)              // => 'q0T'
bases.toAlphabet(300, 'aAbBcC')    // => 'Abba'

bases.fromBase16('c8')               // => 200
bases.fromBase('c8', 16)             // => 200
bases.fromBase62('q0T')              // => 99999
bases.fromBase('q0T', 62)            // => 99999
bases.fromAlphabet('Abba', 'aAbBcC') // => 300

参考https://github.com/kamijoutouma/bases.py#known-basesalphabets 哪些基是可用的

编辑: PIP link https://pypi.python.org/pypi/bases.py/0.2.2