Python方法中的静态变量

class Count:
    def foo(self):
        try: 
            self.foo.__func__.counter += 1
        except AttributeError: 
            self.foo.__func__.counter = 1

        print self.foo.__func__.counter

m = Count()
m.foo()       # 1
m.foo()       # 2
m.foo()       # 3

我个人更喜欢下面的装饰。各有各的。

def staticize(name, factory):
    """Makes a pseudo-static variable in calling function.

    If name `name` exists in calling function, return it. 
    Otherwise, saves return value of `factory()` in 
    name `name` of calling function and return it.

    :param name: name to use to store static object 
    in calling function
    :type name: String
    :param factory: used to initialize name `name` 
    in calling function
    :type factory: function
    :rtype: `type(factory())`

    >>> def steveholt(z):
    ...     a = staticize('a', list)
    ...     a.append(z)
    >>> steveholt.a
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'a'
    >>> steveholt(1)
    >>> steveholt.a
    [1]
    >>> steveholt('a')
    >>> steveholt.a
    [1, 'a']
    >>> steveholt.a = []
    >>> steveholt.a
    []
    >>> steveholt('zzz')
    >>> steveholt.a
    ['zzz']

    """
    from inspect import stack
    # get scope enclosing calling function
    calling_fn_scope = stack()[2][0]
    # get calling function
    calling_fn_name = stack()[1][3]
    calling_fn = calling_fn_scope.f_locals[calling_fn_name]
    if not hasattr(calling_fn, name):
        setattr(calling_fn, name, factory())
    return getattr(calling_fn, name)

你也可以考虑:

def foo():
    try:
        foo.counter += 1
    except AttributeError:
        foo.counter = 1

推理:

非常python化(“请求原谅而不是允许”) 使用异常(只抛出一次)而不是if分支(考虑StopIteration异常)

在尝试了几种方法后，我最终使用了@warvariuc的答案的改进版本:

import types

def func(_static=types.SimpleNamespace(counter=0)):
    _static.counter += 1
    print(_static.counter)

我写了一个简单的函数来使用静态变量:

def Static():
    ### get the func object by which Static() is called.
    from inspect import currentframe, getframeinfo
    caller = currentframe().f_back
    func_name = getframeinfo(caller)[2]
    # print(func_name)
    caller = caller.f_back
    func = caller.f_locals.get(
        func_name, caller.f_globals.get(
            func_name
        )
    )
    
    class StaticVars:
        def has(self, varName):
            return hasattr(self, varName)
        def declare(self, varName, value):
            if not self.has(varName):
                setattr(self, varName, value)

    if hasattr(func, "staticVars"):
        return func.staticVars
    else:
        # add an attribute to func
        func.staticVars = StaticVars()
        return func.staticVars

使用方法:

def myfunc(arg):
    if Static().has('test1'):
        Static().test += 1
    else:
        Static().test = 1
    print(Static().test)

    # declare() only takes effect in the first time for each static variable.
    Static().declare('test2', 1)
    print(Static().test2)
    Static().test2 += 1

根据丹尼尔的回答(补充):

class Foo(object): 
    counter = 0  

def __call__(self, inc_value=0):
    Foo.counter += inc_value
    return Foo.counter

foo = Foo()

def use_foo(x,y):
    if(x==5):
        foo(2)
    elif(y==7):
        foo(3)
    if(foo() == 10):
        print("yello")


use_foo(5,1)
use_foo(5,1)
use_foo(1,7)
use_foo(1,7)
use_foo(1,1)

我想添加这一部分的原因是，静态变量不仅用于增加某个值，而且还用于检查静态变量是否等于某个值，作为一个现实生活中的例子。

静态变量仍然受到保护，并且仅在函数use_foo()的作用域内使用。

在这个例子中，调用foo()函数完全是(相对于相应的c++等效函数):

stat_c +=9; // in c++
foo(9)  #python equiv

if(stat_c==10){ //do something}  // c++

if(foo() == 10):      # python equiv
  #add code here      # python equiv       

Output :
yello
yello

如果类Foo被严格定义为一个单例类，那将是理想的。这将使它更加python化。