我是一个老派的MySQL用户,总是更喜欢JOIN而不是子查询。但是现在每个人都用子查询,我讨厌它;我不知道为什么。

我缺乏理论知识来判断是否有任何不同。子查询是否与JOIN一样好,因此没有什么可担心的?


当前回答

我认为在引用的答案中没有强调的是重复的问题和可能由特定(使用)案例引起的有问题的结果。

(尽管马塞洛·坎托斯提到过)

我将引用斯坦福大学Lagunita SQL课程的例子。

学生表

+------+--------+------+--------+
| sID  | sName  | GPA  | sizeHS |
+------+--------+------+--------+
|  123 | Amy    |  3.9 |   1000 |
|  234 | Bob    |  3.6 |   1500 |
|  345 | Craig  |  3.5 |    500 |
|  456 | Doris  |  3.9 |   1000 |
|  567 | Edward |  2.9 |   2000 |
|  678 | Fay    |  3.8 |    200 |
|  789 | Gary   |  3.4 |    800 |
|  987 | Helen  |  3.7 |    800 |
|  876 | Irene  |  3.9 |    400 |
|  765 | Jay    |  2.9 |   1500 |
|  654 | Amy    |  3.9 |   1000 |
|  543 | Craig  |  3.4 |   2000 |
+------+--------+------+--------+

应用表

(向特定大学及专业申请)

+------+----------+----------------+----------+
| sID  | cName    | major          | decision |
+------+----------+----------------+----------+
|  123 | Stanford | CS             | Y        |
|  123 | Stanford | EE             | N        |
|  123 | Berkeley | CS             | Y        |
|  123 | Cornell  | EE             | Y        |
|  234 | Berkeley | biology        | N        |
|  345 | MIT      | bioengineering | Y        |
|  345 | Cornell  | bioengineering | N        |
|  345 | Cornell  | CS             | Y        |
|  345 | Cornell  | EE             | N        |
|  678 | Stanford | history        | Y        |
|  987 | Stanford | CS             | Y        |
|  987 | Berkeley | CS             | Y        |
|  876 | Stanford | CS             | N        |
|  876 | MIT      | biology        | Y        |
|  876 | MIT      | marine biology | N        |
|  765 | Stanford | history        | Y        |
|  765 | Cornell  | history        | N        |
|  765 | Cornell  | psychology     | Y        |
|  543 | MIT      | CS             | N        |
+------+----------+----------------+----------+

让我们试着找出申请计算机科学专业的学生的平均绩点(不论大学)

使用子查询:

select GPA from Student where sID in (select sID from Apply where major = 'CS');

+------+
| GPA  |
+------+
|  3.9 |
|  3.5 |
|  3.7 |
|  3.9 |
|  3.4 |
+------+

这个结果集的平均值是:

select avg(GPA) from Student where sID in (select sID from Apply where major = 'CS');

+--------------------+
| avg(GPA)           |
+--------------------+
| 3.6800000000000006 |
+--------------------+

使用连接:

select GPA from Student, Apply where Student.sID = Apply.sID and Apply.major = 'CS';

+------+
| GPA  |
+------+
|  3.9 |
|  3.9 |
|  3.5 |
|  3.7 |
|  3.7 |
|  3.9 |
|  3.4 |
+------+

该结果集的平均值:

select avg(GPA) from Student, Apply where Student.sID = Apply.sID and Apply.major = 'CS';

+-------------------+
| avg(GPA)          |
+-------------------+
| 3.714285714285714 |
+-------------------+

It is obvious that the second attempt yields misleading results in our use case, given that it counts duplicates for the computation of the average value. It is also evident that usage of distinct with the join - based statement will not eliminate the problem, given that it will erroneously keep one out of three occurrences of the 3.9 score. The correct case is to account for TWO (2) occurrences of the 3.9 score given that we actually have TWO (2) students with that score that comply with our query criteria.

在某些情况下,除了性能问题,子查询似乎是最安全的方法。

其他回答

这取决于几个因素,包括正在运行的特定查询、数据库中的数据量。子查询首先运行内部查询,然后从结果集中再次过滤出实际结果。而在join中运行并产生结果。

最好的策略是同时测试连接解决方案和子查询解决方案,以获得优化的解决方案。

如果你想用join加速你的查询:

对于“inner join/join”, 不要使用where条件,而是使用“ON”条件。 例如:

     select id,name from table1 a  
   join table2 b on a.name=b.name
   where id='123'

 Try,

    select id,name from table1 a  
   join table2 b on a.name=b.name and a.id='123'

对于“左/右连接”, 不要在“ON”条件下使用,因为如果你使用左/右连接,它将获得任何一个表的所有行。所以,在"开"里也没用。所以,尝试使用“Where”条件

根据我的观察,就像两种情况,如果一个表的记录少于10万条,那么连接将工作得很快。

但是如果一个表有超过100,000条记录,那么子查询是最好的结果。

我有一个表,其中有500,000条记录,我在查询下面创建了它,它的结果时间是

SELECT * 
FROM crv.workorder_details wd 
inner join  crv.workorder wr on wr.workorder_id = wd.workorder_id;

结果:13.3秒

select * 
from crv.workorder_details 
where workorder_id in (select workorder_id from crv.workorder)

结果:1.65秒

使用EXPLAIN查看数据库如何对数据执行查询。这个答案中有一个很大的“视情况而定”……

PostgreSQL可以将子查询重写为连接,或将连接重写为子查询,如果它认为其中一个比另一个快。这完全取决于数据、索引、相关性、数据量、查询等。

我认为在引用的答案中没有强调的是重复的问题和可能由特定(使用)案例引起的有问题的结果。

(尽管马塞洛·坎托斯提到过)

我将引用斯坦福大学Lagunita SQL课程的例子。

学生表

+------+--------+------+--------+
| sID  | sName  | GPA  | sizeHS |
+------+--------+------+--------+
|  123 | Amy    |  3.9 |   1000 |
|  234 | Bob    |  3.6 |   1500 |
|  345 | Craig  |  3.5 |    500 |
|  456 | Doris  |  3.9 |   1000 |
|  567 | Edward |  2.9 |   2000 |
|  678 | Fay    |  3.8 |    200 |
|  789 | Gary   |  3.4 |    800 |
|  987 | Helen  |  3.7 |    800 |
|  876 | Irene  |  3.9 |    400 |
|  765 | Jay    |  2.9 |   1500 |
|  654 | Amy    |  3.9 |   1000 |
|  543 | Craig  |  3.4 |   2000 |
+------+--------+------+--------+

应用表

(向特定大学及专业申请)

+------+----------+----------------+----------+
| sID  | cName    | major          | decision |
+------+----------+----------------+----------+
|  123 | Stanford | CS             | Y        |
|  123 | Stanford | EE             | N        |
|  123 | Berkeley | CS             | Y        |
|  123 | Cornell  | EE             | Y        |
|  234 | Berkeley | biology        | N        |
|  345 | MIT      | bioengineering | Y        |
|  345 | Cornell  | bioengineering | N        |
|  345 | Cornell  | CS             | Y        |
|  345 | Cornell  | EE             | N        |
|  678 | Stanford | history        | Y        |
|  987 | Stanford | CS             | Y        |
|  987 | Berkeley | CS             | Y        |
|  876 | Stanford | CS             | N        |
|  876 | MIT      | biology        | Y        |
|  876 | MIT      | marine biology | N        |
|  765 | Stanford | history        | Y        |
|  765 | Cornell  | history        | N        |
|  765 | Cornell  | psychology     | Y        |
|  543 | MIT      | CS             | N        |
+------+----------+----------------+----------+

让我们试着找出申请计算机科学专业的学生的平均绩点(不论大学)

使用子查询:

select GPA from Student where sID in (select sID from Apply where major = 'CS');

+------+
| GPA  |
+------+
|  3.9 |
|  3.5 |
|  3.7 |
|  3.9 |
|  3.4 |
+------+

这个结果集的平均值是:

select avg(GPA) from Student where sID in (select sID from Apply where major = 'CS');

+--------------------+
| avg(GPA)           |
+--------------------+
| 3.6800000000000006 |
+--------------------+

使用连接:

select GPA from Student, Apply where Student.sID = Apply.sID and Apply.major = 'CS';

+------+
| GPA  |
+------+
|  3.9 |
|  3.9 |
|  3.5 |
|  3.7 |
|  3.7 |
|  3.9 |
|  3.4 |
+------+

该结果集的平均值:

select avg(GPA) from Student, Apply where Student.sID = Apply.sID and Apply.major = 'CS';

+-------------------+
| avg(GPA)          |
+-------------------+
| 3.714285714285714 |
+-------------------+

It is obvious that the second attempt yields misleading results in our use case, given that it counts duplicates for the computation of the average value. It is also evident that usage of distinct with the join - based statement will not eliminate the problem, given that it will erroneously keep one out of three occurrences of the 3.9 score. The correct case is to account for TWO (2) occurrences of the 3.9 score given that we actually have TWO (2) students with that score that comply with our query criteria.

在某些情况下,除了性能问题,子查询似乎是最安全的方法。