是否有办法在bash上比较这些字符串，例如:2.4.5和2.8和2.4.5.1?
当前回答
这里有一个支持修订的纯Bash解决方案(例如。“1.0-r1”)，答案是基于丹尼斯·威廉姆森(Dennis Williamson)发布的答案。可以很容易地修改它以支持'-RC1'之类的东西，或者通过更改正则表达式从更复杂的字符串中提取版本。
有关实现的详细信息，请参考代码内注释和/或启用包含的调试代码:
#!/bin/bash
# Compare two version strings [$1: version string 1 (v1), $2: version string 2 (v2)]
# Return values:
# 0: v1 == v2
# 1: v1 > v2
# 2: v1 < v2
# Based on: https://stackoverflow.com/a/4025065 by Dennis Williamson
function compare_versions() {
# Trivial v1 == v2 test based on string comparison
[[ "$1" == "$2" ]] && return 0
# Local variables
local regex="^(.*)-r([0-9]*)$" va1=() vr1=0 va2=() vr2=0 len i IFS="."
# Split version strings into arrays, extract trailing revisions
if [[ "$1" =~ ${regex} ]]; then
va1=(${BASH_REMATCH[1]})
[[ -n "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" ]] && vr1=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
else
va1=($1)
fi
if [[ "$2" =~ ${regex} ]]; then
va2=(${BASH_REMATCH[1]})
[[ -n "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" ]] && vr2=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
else
va2=($2)
fi
# Bring va1 and va2 to same length by filling empty fields with zeros
(( ${#va1[@]} > ${#va2[@]} )) && len=${#va1[@]} || len=${#va2[@]}
for ((i=0; i < len; ++i)); do
[[ -z "${va1[i]}" ]] && va1[i]="0"
[[ -z "${va2[i]}" ]] && va2[i]="0"
done
# Append revisions, increment length
va1+=($vr1)
va2+=($vr2)
len=$((len+1))
# *** DEBUG ***
#echo "TEST: '${va1[@]} (?) ${va2[@]}'"
# Compare version elements, check if v1 > v2 or v1 < v2
for ((i=0; i < len; ++i)); do
if (( 10#${va1[i]} > 10#${va2[i]} )); then
return 1
elif (( 10#${va1[i]} < 10#${va2[i]} )); then
return 2
fi
done
# All elements are equal, thus v1 == v2
return 0
}
# ---------- everything below this line is just for testing ----------
# Test compare_versions [$1: version string 1, $2: version string 2, $3: expected result]
function test_compare_versions() {
local op
compare_versions "$1" "$2"
case $? in
0) op="==" ;;
1) op=">" ;;
2) op="<" ;;
esac
if [[ "$op" == "$3" ]]; then
echo -e "\e[1;32mPASS: '$1 $op $2'\e[0m"
else
echo -e "\e[1;31mFAIL: '$1 $3 $2' (result: '$1 $op $2')\e[0m"
fi
}
echo -e "\nThe following tests should pass:"
while read -r test; do
test_compare_versions $test
done << EOF
1 1 ==
2.1 2.2 <
3.0.4.10 3.0.4.2 >
4.08 4.08.01 <
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2 >
3.2 3.2.1.9.8144 <
1.2 2.1 <
2.1 1.2 >
5.6.7 5.6.7 ==
1.01.1 1.1.1 ==
1.1.1 1.01.1 ==
1 1.0 ==
1.0 1 ==
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 ==
1..0 1.0 ==
1.0 1..0 ==
1.0-r1 1.0-r3 <
1.0-r9 2.0 <
3.0-r15 3.0-r9 >
...-r1 ...-r2 <
2.0-r1 1.9.8.21-r2 >
1.0 3.8.9.32-r <
-r -r3 <
-r3 -r >
-r3 -r3 ==
-r -r ==
0.0-r2 0.0.0.0-r2 ==
1.0.0.0-r2 1.0-r2 ==
0.0.0.1-r7 -r9 >
0.0-r0 0 ==
1.002.0-r6 1.2.0-r7 <
001.001-r2 1.1-r2 ==
5.6.1-r0 5.6.1 ==
EOF
echo -e "\nThe following tests should fail:"
while read -r test; do
test_compare_versions $test
done << EOF
1 1 >
3.0.5-r5 3..5-r5 >
4.9.21-r3 4.8.22-r9 <
1.0-r 1.0-r1 ==
-r 1.0-r >
-r1 0.0-r1 <
-r2 0-r2 <
EOF
其他回答
下面是另一个纯bash版本，比公认的答案要小得多。它只检查版本是否小于或等于“最小版本”，并且它将按字典顺序检查字母数字序列，这通常会给出错误的结果(举个常见的例子，“snapshot”不晚于“release”)。它将工作的主要/次要。
is_number() {
case "$BASH_VERSION" in
3.1.*)
PATTERN='\^\[0-9\]+\$'
;;
*)
PATTERN='^[0-9]+$'
;;
esac
[[ "$1" =~ $PATTERN ]]
}
min_version() {
if [[ $# != 2 ]]
then
echo "Usage: min_version current minimum"
return
fi
A="${1%%.*}"
B="${2%%.*}"
if [[ "$A" != "$1" && "$B" != "$2" && "$A" == "$B" ]]
then
min_version "${1#*.}" "${2#*.}"
else
if is_number "$A" && is_number "$B"
then
[[ "$A" -ge "$B" ]]
else
[[ ! "$A" < "$B" ]]
fi
fi
}
这里是另一个没有任何外部调用的纯bash解决方案:
#!/bin/bash
function version_compare {
IFS='.' read -ra ver1 <<< "$1"
IFS='.' read -ra ver2 <<< "$2"
[[ ${#ver1[@]} -gt ${#ver2[@]} ]] && till=${#ver1[@]} || till=${#ver2[@]}
for ((i=0; i<${till}; i++)); do
local num1; local num2;
[[ -z ${ver1[i]} ]] && num1=0 || num1=${ver1[i]}
[[ -z ${ver2[i]} ]] && num2=0 || num2=${ver2[i]}
if [[ $num1 -gt $num2 ]]; then
echo ">"; return 0
elif
[[ $num1 -lt $num2 ]]; then
echo "<"; return 0
fi
done
echo "="; return 0
}
echo "${1} $(version_compare "${1}" "${2}") ${2}"
还有更简单的解决方案，如果你确定所讨论的版本在第一个点后不包含前导零:
#!/bin/bash
function version_compare {
local ver1=${1//.}
local ver2=${2//.}
if [[ $ver1 -gt $ver2 ]]; then
echo ">"; return 0
elif
[[ $ver1 -lt $ver2 ]]; then
echo "<"; return 0
fi
echo "="; return 0
}
echo "${1} $(version_compare "${1}" "${2}") ${2}"
这适用于像1.2.3 vs 1.3.1 vs 0.9.7这样的版本，但不适用于其他版本 1.2.3 vs 1.2.3.0或1.01.1 vs 1.1.1
我遇到并解决了这个问题，添加了一个额外的(更短更简单的)答案…
首先注意，扩展shell比较失败了，你可能已经知道了…
if [[ 1.2.0 < 1.12.12 ]]; then echo true; else echo false; fi
false
使用sort -t'。'-g(或者kanaka提到的sort -V)来排序版本和简单的bash字符串比较，我找到了一个解决方案。输入文件包含列3和列4中的版本，我想对它们进行比较。这将遍历列表，确定匹配项或其中一个大于另一个。希望这仍然可以帮助那些希望使用bash尽可能简单地做到这一点的人。
while read l
do
#Field 3 contains version on left to compare (change -f3 to required column).
kf=$(echo $l | cut -d ' ' -f3)
#Field 4 contains version on right to compare (change -f4 to required column).
mp=$(echo $l | cut -d ' ' -f4)
echo 'kf = '$kf
echo 'mp = '$mp
#To compare versions m.m.m the two can be listed and sorted with a . separator and the greater version found.
gv=$(echo -e $kf'\n'$mp | sort -t'.' -g | tail -n 1)
if [ $kf = $mp ]; then
echo 'Match Found: '$l
elif [ $kf = $gv ]; then
echo 'Karaf feature file version is greater '$l
elif [ $mp = $gv ]; then
echo 'Maven pom file version is greater '$l
else
echo 'Comparison error '$l
fi
done < features_and_pom_versions.tmp.txt
感谢Barry的博客给出了排序的想法…… 裁判:http://bkhome.org/blog/?viewDetailed=02199
这里一个有用的技巧是字符串索引。
$ echo "${BASH_VERSION}"
4.4.23(1)-release
$ echo "${BASH_VERSION:0:1}"
4
下面是一个不使用外部命令的简单Bash函数。它适用于包含最多三个数字部分的版本字符串-小于3也是可以的。它可以很容易地扩展为更多。它实现了=、<、<=、>、>=和!=条件。
#!/bin/bash
vercmp() {
version1=$1 version2=$2 condition=$3
IFS=. v1_array=($version1) v2_array=($version2)
v1=$((v1_array[0] * 100 + v1_array[1] * 10 + v1_array[2]))
v2=$((v2_array[0] * 100 + v2_array[1] * 10 + v2_array[2]))
diff=$((v2 - v1))
[[ $condition = '=' ]] && ((diff == 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '!=' ]] && ((diff != 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '<' ]] && ((diff > 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '<=' ]] && ((diff >= 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '>' ]] && ((diff < 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '>=' ]] && ((diff <= 0)) && return 0
return 1
}
下面是测试:
for tv1 in '*' 1.1.1 2.5.3 7.3.0 0.5.7 10.3.9 8.55.32 0.0.1; do
for tv2 in 3.1.1 1.5.3 4.3.0 0.0.7 0.3.9 11.55.32 10.0.0 '*'; do
for c in '=' '>' '<' '>=' '<=' '!='; do
vercmp "$tv1" "$tv2" "$c" && printf '%s\n' "$tv1 $c $tv2 is true" || printf '%s\n' "$tv1 $c $tv2 is false"
done
done
done
测试输出的子集:
<snip>
* >= * is true
* <= * is true
* != * is true
1.1.1 = 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 > 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 < 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 >= 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 <= 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 != 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 = 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 > 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 < 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 >= 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 <= 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 != 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 = 4.3.0 is false
1.1.1 > 4.3.0 is false
<snip>
