编辑:非常喜欢添加侧参数，例如，一个日期向量的过去7天的移动平均值(或总和，或…)。

对于那些只想自己计算的人来说，它无非是:

# x = vector with numeric data
# w = window length
y <- numeric(length = length(x))

for (i in seq_len(length(x))) {
  ind <- c((i - floor(w / 2)):(i + floor(w / 2)))
  ind <- ind[ind %in% seq_len(length(x))]
  y[i] <- mean(x[ind])
}

y

但是让它独立于mean()会很有趣，所以你可以计算任何“移动”函数!

# our working horse:
moving_fn <- function(x, w, fun, ...) {
  # x = vector with numeric data
  # w = window length
  # fun = function to apply
  # side = side to take, (c)entre, (l)eft or (r)ight
  # ... = parameters passed on to 'fun'
  y <- numeric(length(x))
  for (i in seq_len(length(x))) {
    if (side %in% c("c", "centre", "center")) {
      ind <- c((i - floor(w / 2)):(i + floor(w / 2)))
    } else if (side %in% c("l", "left")) {
      ind <- c((i - floor(w) + 1):i)
    } else if (side %in% c("r", "right")) {
      ind <- c(i:(i + floor(w) - 1))
    } else {
      stop("'side' must be one of 'centre', 'left', 'right'", call. = FALSE)
    }
    ind <- ind[ind %in% seq_len(length(x))]
    y[i] <- fun(x[ind], ...)
  }
  y
}

# and now any variation you can think of!
moving_average <- function(x, w = 5, side = "centre", na.rm = FALSE) {
  moving_fn(x = x, w = w, fun = mean, side = side, na.rm = na.rm)
}

moving_sum <- function(x, w = 5, side = "centre", na.rm = FALSE) {
  moving_fn(x = x, w = w, fun = sum, side = side, na.rm = na.rm)
}

moving_maximum <- function(x, w = 5, side = "centre", na.rm = FALSE) {
  moving_fn(x = x, w = w, fun = max, side = side, na.rm = na.rm)
}

moving_median <- function(x, w = 5, side = "centre", na.rm = FALSE) {
  moving_fn(x = x, w = w, fun = median, side = side, na.rm = na.rm)
}

moving_Q1 <- function(x, w = 5, side = "centre", na.rm = FALSE) {
  moving_fn(x = x, w = w, fun = quantile, side = side, na.rm = na.rm, 0.25)
}

moving_Q3 <- function(x, w = 5, side = "centre", na.rm = FALSE) {
  moving_fn(x = x, w = w, fun = quantile, side = side, na.rm = na.rm, 0.75)
}

您可以使用RcppRoll来实现用c++编写的快速移动平均线。只需调用roll_mean函数。文档可以在这里找到。

否则，这个(较慢的)for循环应该可以做到:

ma <- function(arr, n=15){
  res = arr
  for(i in n:length(arr)){
    res[i] = mean(arr[(i-n):i])
  }
  res
}

下面是一个简单的带有过滤器的函数，演示了一种方法来处理带有填充的开始和结束NAs，并使用自定义权重计算加权平均值(由过滤器支持):

wma <- function(x) { 
  wts <- c(seq(0.5, 4, 0.5), seq(3.5, 0.5, -0.5))
  nside <- (length(wts)-1)/2
  # pad x with begin and end values for filter to avoid NAs
  xp <- c(rep(first(x), nside), x, rep(last(x), nside)) 
  z <- stats::filter(xp, wts/sum(wts), sides = 2) %>% as.vector 
  z[(nside+1):(nside+length(x))]
}

滑块包可以用于此。它有一个专门设计的界面，感觉类似呜呜声。它接受任何任意函数，并可以返回任何类型的输出。数据帧甚至按行迭代。pkgdown网站在这里。

library(slider)

x <- 1:3

# Mean of the current value + 1 value before it
# returned as a double vector
slide_dbl(x, ~mean(.x, na.rm = TRUE), .before = 1)
#> [1] 1.0 1.5 2.5


df <- data.frame(x = x, y = x)

# Slide row wise over data frames
slide(df, ~.x, .before = 1)
#> [[1]]
#>   x y
#> 1 1 1
#> 
#> [[2]]
#>   x y
#> 1 1 1
#> 2 2 2
#> 
#> [[3]]
#>   x y
#> 1 2 2
#> 2 3 3

滑块和数据的开销。Table的frollapply()应该非常低(比zoo快得多)。对于这个简单的示例，Frollapply()看起来稍微快一些，但请注意，它只接受数字输入，并且输出必须是标量数值。滑块函数是完全通用的，你可以返回任何数据类型。

library(slider)
library(zoo)
library(data.table)

x <- 1:50000 + 0L

bench::mark(
  slider = slide_int(x, function(x) 1L, .before = 5, .complete = TRUE),
  zoo = rollapplyr(x, FUN = function(x) 1L, width = 6, fill = NA),
  datatable = frollapply(x, n = 6, FUN = function(x) 1L),
  iterations = 200
)
#> # A tibble: 3 x 6
#>   expression      min   median `itr/sec` mem_alloc `gc/sec`
#>   <bch:expr> <bch:tm> <bch:tm>     <dbl> <bch:byt>    <dbl>
#> 1 slider      19.82ms   26.4ms     38.4    829.8KB     19.0
#> 2 zoo        177.92ms  211.1ms      4.71    17.9MB     24.8
#> 3 datatable    7.78ms   10.9ms     87.9    807.1KB     38.7

虽然有点慢，但你也可以使用zoo::rollapply在矩阵上执行计算。

reqd_ma <- rollapply(x, FUN = mean, width = n)

其中x为数据集，FUN = mean为函数;你也可以改变它为min, max, sd等，宽度是滚动窗口。

caTools包具有非常快速的滚动mean/min/max/sd和其他一些功能。我只使用过runmean和runsd，它们是迄今为止提到的其他包中最快的。