我感兴趣的是从数据库表中选择第n行的一些(理想的)数据库不可知的方法。看看如何使用以下数据库的本机功能来实现这一点也很有趣:

SQL Server MySQL PostgreSQL SQLite 甲骨文

我目前正在SQL Server 2005中做以下事情,但我有兴趣看到其他更不可知论的方法:

WITH Ordered AS (
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OrderID) AS RowNumber, OrderID, OrderDate
FROM Orders)
SELECT *
FROM Ordered
WHERE RowNumber = 1000000

以上SQL: Firoz Ansari的Weblog的功劳

更新:参见Troels Arvin关于SQL标准的回答。Troels,你有我们可以引用的链接吗?


当前回答

SELECT
    top 1 *
FROM
    table_name
WHERE
    column_name IN (
        SELECT
            top N column_name
        FROM
            TABLE
        ORDER BY
            column_name
    )
ORDER BY
    column_name DESC

我写这个查询是为了求第n行。 使用此查询的示例如下

SELECT
    top 1 *
FROM
    Employee
WHERE
    emp_id IN (
        SELECT
            top 7 emp_id
        FROM
            Employee
        ORDER BY
            emp_id
    )
ORDER BY
    emp_id DESC

其他回答

我不确定其他的,但我知道SQLite和MySQL没有任何“默认”行排序。至少在这两种方言中,下面的代码片段从the_table中抓取了第15个条目,按添加的日期/时间排序:

SELECT * 
FROM the_table 
ORDER BY added DESC 
LIMIT 1,15

(当然,您需要添加一个DATETIME字段,并将其设置为条目添加的日期/时间…)

PostgreSQL支持SQL标准定义的窗口函数,但它们很笨拙,所以大多数人使用(非标准)LIMIT / OFFSET:

SELECT
    *
FROM
    mytable
ORDER BY
    somefield
LIMIT 1 OFFSET 20;

这个例子选择了第21行。OFFSET 20告诉Postgres跳过前20条记录。如果您没有指定ORDER BY子句,则无法保证您将返回哪条记录,这很少有用。

这是我在这篇文章中看到的最适合sql server的答案

WITH myTableWithRows AS (
    SELECT (ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY myTable.SomeField)) as row,*
    FROM myTable)
SELECT * FROM myTableWithRows WHERE row = 3

在Sybase SQL Anywhere:

SELECT TOP 1 START AT n * from table ORDER BY whatever

别忘了ORDER BY,否则毫无意义。

在我看来,为了提高效率,您需要1)生成一个小于数据库记录数量的0到1之间的随机数,2)能够选择该位置的行。不幸的是,不同的数据库有不同的随机数生成器,以及在结果集中的某个位置选择一行的不同方法——通常您指定要跳过多少行和需要多少行,但不同的数据库有不同的做法。下面是在SQLite中为我工作的一些东西:

select * 
from Table 
limit abs(random()) % (select count(*) from Words), 1;

It does depend on being able to use a subquery in the limit clause (which in SQLite is LIMIT <recs to skip>,<recs to take>) Selecting the number of records in a table should be particularly efficient, being part of the database's meta data, but that depends on the database's implementation. Also, I don't know if the query will actually build the result set before retrieving the Nth record, but I would hope that it doesn't need to. Note that I'm not specifying an "order by" clause. It might be better to "order by" something like the primary key, which will have an index - getting the Nth record from an index might be faster if the database can't get the Nth record from the database itself without building the result set.