我想获得MongoDB集合中所有键的名称。
例如，从这个:
db.things.insert( { type : ['dog', 'cat'] } );
db.things.insert( { egg : ['cat'] } );
db.things.insert( { type : [] } );
db.things.insert( { hello : [] } );
我想获得唯一的键:
type, egg, hello
当前回答
基于@Wolkenarchitekt的回答:https://stackoverflow.com/a/48117846/8808983，我写了一个脚本，可以在db中找到所有键的模式，我认为它可以帮助其他人阅读这个线程:
"""
Python 3
This script get list of patterns and print the collections that contains fields with this patterns.
"""
import argparse
import pymongo
from bson import Code
# initialize mongo connection:
def get_db():
client = pymongo.MongoClient("172.17.0.2")
db = client["Data"]
return db
def get_commandline_options():
description = "To run use: python db_fields_pattern_finder.py -p <list_of_patterns>"
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description)
parser.add_argument('-p', '--patterns', nargs="+", help='List of patterns to look for in the db.', required=True)
return parser.parse_args()
def report_matching_fields(relevant_fields_by_collection):
print("Matches:")
for collection_name in relevant_fields_by_collection:
if relevant_fields_by_collection[collection_name]:
print(f"{collection_name}: {relevant_fields_by_collection[collection_name]}")
# pprint(relevant_fields_by_collection)
def get_collections_names(db):
"""
:param pymongo.database.Database db:
:return list: collections names
"""
return db.list_collection_names()
def get_keys(db, collection):
"""
See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/48117846/8808983
:param db:
:param collection:
:return:
"""
map = Code("function() { for (var key in this) { emit(key, null); } }")
reduce = Code("function(key, stuff) { return null; }")
result = db[collection].map_reduce(map, reduce, "myresults")
return result.distinct('_id')
def get_fields(db, collection_names):
fields_by_collections = {}
for collection_name in collection_names:
fields_by_collections[collection_name] = get_keys(db, collection_name)
return fields_by_collections
def get_matches_fields(fields_by_collections, patterns):
relevant_fields_by_collection = {}
for collection_name in fields_by_collections:
relevant_fields = [field for field in fields_by_collections[collection_name] if
[pattern for pattern in patterns if
pattern in field]]
relevant_fields_by_collection[collection_name] = relevant_fields
return relevant_fields_by_collection
def main(patterns):
"""
:param list patterns: List of strings to look for in the db.
"""
db = get_db()
collection_names = get_collections_names(db)
fields_by_collections = get_fields(db, collection_names)
relevant_fields_by_collection = get_matches_fields(fields_by_collections, patterns)
report_matching_fields(relevant_fields_by_collection)
if __name__ == '__main__':
args = get_commandline_options()
main(args.patterns)
其他回答
你可以用MapReduce来做:
mr = db.runCommand({
"mapreduce" : "my_collection",
"map" : function() {
for (var key in this) { emit(key, null); }
},
"reduce" : function(key, stuff) { return null; },
"out": "my_collection" + "_keys"
})
然后在结果集合上单独运行，以便找到所有的键:
db[mr.result].distinct("_id")
["foo", "bar", "baz", "_id", ...]
基于@Wolkenarchitekt的回答:https://stackoverflow.com/a/48117846/8808983，我写了一个脚本，可以在db中找到所有键的模式，我认为它可以帮助其他人阅读这个线程:
"""
Python 3
This script get list of patterns and print the collections that contains fields with this patterns.
"""
import argparse
import pymongo
from bson import Code
# initialize mongo connection:
def get_db():
client = pymongo.MongoClient("172.17.0.2")
db = client["Data"]
return db
def get_commandline_options():
description = "To run use: python db_fields_pattern_finder.py -p <list_of_patterns>"
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description)
parser.add_argument('-p', '--patterns', nargs="+", help='List of patterns to look for in the db.', required=True)
return parser.parse_args()
def report_matching_fields(relevant_fields_by_collection):
print("Matches:")
for collection_name in relevant_fields_by_collection:
if relevant_fields_by_collection[collection_name]:
print(f"{collection_name}: {relevant_fields_by_collection[collection_name]}")
# pprint(relevant_fields_by_collection)
def get_collections_names(db):
"""
:param pymongo.database.Database db:
:return list: collections names
"""
return db.list_collection_names()
def get_keys(db, collection):
"""
See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/48117846/8808983
:param db:
:param collection:
:return:
"""
map = Code("function() { for (var key in this) { emit(key, null); } }")
reduce = Code("function(key, stuff) { return null; }")
result = db[collection].map_reduce(map, reduce, "myresults")
return result.distinct('_id')
def get_fields(db, collection_names):
fields_by_collections = {}
for collection_name in collection_names:
fields_by_collections[collection_name] = get_keys(db, collection_name)
return fields_by_collections
def get_matches_fields(fields_by_collections, patterns):
relevant_fields_by_collection = {}
for collection_name in fields_by_collections:
relevant_fields = [field for field in fields_by_collections[collection_name] if
[pattern for pattern in patterns if
pattern in field]]
relevant_fields_by_collection[collection_name] = relevant_fields
return relevant_fields_by_collection
def main(patterns):
"""
:param list patterns: List of strings to look for in the db.
"""
db = get_db()
collection_names = get_collections_names(db)
fields_by_collections = get_fields(db, collection_names)
relevant_fields_by_collection = get_matches_fields(fields_by_collections, patterns)
report_matching_fields(relevant_fields_by_collection)
if __name__ == '__main__':
args = get_commandline_options()
main(args.patterns)
以Kristina的回答为灵感，我创建了一个名为Variety的开源工具，它的功能就是:https://github.com/variety/variety
如果你正在使用mongodb 3.4.4及以上版本，那么你可以使用$objectToArray和$group聚合来使用下面的聚合
db.collection.aggregate([
{ "$project": {
"data": { "$objectToArray": "$$ROOT" }
}},
{ "$project": { "data": "$data.k" }},
{ "$unwind": "$data" },
{ "$group": {
"_id": null,
"keys": { "$addToSet": "$data" }
}}
])
下面是工作示例
要获得所有键减去_id的列表，可以考虑运行以下聚合管道:
var keys = db.collection.aggregate([
{ "$project": {
"hashmaps": { "$objectToArray": "$$ROOT" }
} },
{ "$group": {
"_id": null,
"fields": { "$addToSet": "$hashmaps.k" }
} },
{ "$project": {
"keys": {
"$setDifference": [
{
"$reduce": {
"input": "$fields",
"initialValue": [],
"in": { "$setUnion" : ["$$value", "$$this"] }
}
},
["_id"]
]
}
}
}
]).toArray()[0]["keys"];
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