正如标题所示，我想选择用GROUP BY分组的每组行中的第一行。
具体来说，如果我有一个如下所示的采购表：
SELECT * FROM purchases;
我的输出：
| id | customer | total |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joe | 5 |
| 2 | Sally | 3 |
| 3 | Joe | 2 |
| 4 | Sally | 1 |
我想查询每个客户的最大购买量（总购买量）。类似于：
SELECT FIRST(id), customer, FIRST(total)
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer
ORDER BY total DESC;
预期输出：
| FIRST(id) | customer | FIRST(total) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joe | 5 |
| 2 | Sally | 3 |
当前回答
非常快速的解决方案
SELECT a.*
FROM
purchases a
JOIN (
SELECT customer, min( id ) as id
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer
) b USING ( id );
如果表是按id索引的，则速度非常快：
create index purchases_id on purchases (id);
其他回答
对于SQl Server，最有效的方法是：
with
ids as ( --condition for split table into groups
select i from (values (9),(12),(17),(18),(19),(20),(22),(21),(23),(10)) as v(i)
)
,src as (
select * from yourTable where <condition> --use this as filter for other conditions
)
,joined as (
select tops.* from ids
cross apply --it`s like for each rows
(
select top(1) *
from src
where CommodityId = ids.i
) as tops
)
select * from joined
不要忘记为使用过的列创建聚集索引
这是我们如何通过使用windows函数实现的：
create table purchases (id int4, customer varchar(10), total integer);
insert into purchases values (1, 'Joe', 5);
insert into purchases values (2, 'Sally', 3);
insert into purchases values (3, 'Joe', 2);
insert into purchases values (4, 'Sally', 1);
select ID, CUSTOMER, TOTAL from (
select ID, CUSTOMER, TOTAL,
row_number () over (partition by CUSTOMER order by TOTAL desc) RN
from purchases) A where RN = 1;
在支持CTE和窗口功能的数据库上：
WITH summary AS (
SELECT p.id,
p.customer,
p.total,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY p.customer
ORDER BY p.total DESC) AS rank
FROM PURCHASES p)
SELECT *
FROM summary
WHERE rank = 1
任何数据库都支持：
但你需要添加逻辑来打破联系：
SELECT MIN(x.id), -- change to MAX if you want the highest
x.customer,
x.total
FROM PURCHASES x
JOIN (SELECT p.customer,
MAX(total) AS max_total
FROM PURCHASES p
GROUP BY p.customer) y ON y.customer = x.customer
AND y.max_total = x.total
GROUP BY x.customer, x.total
这样对我来说很有效：
SELECT article, dealer, price
FROM shop s1
WHERE price=(SELECT MAX(s2.price)
FROM shop s2
WHERE s1.article = s2.article
GROUP BY s2.article)
ORDER BY article;
选择每篇文章的最高价格
在SQL Server中，可以执行以下操作：
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT ROW_NUMBER()
OVER(PARTITION BY customer
ORDER BY total DESC) AS StRank, *
FROM Purchases) n
WHERE StRank = 1
解释：这里，分组依据是根据客户进行的，然后按总数进行排序，然后给每个这样的组指定序列号为StRank，我们将选出第一个StRank为1的客户
