当系统需要内存并终止应用程序时，调用onSaveInstanceState。当用户刚刚关闭应用程序时，不会调用它。所以我认为应用程序状态也应该保存在onPause中。

它应该保存到一些持久性存储中，如Preferences或SQLite。

当系统需要内存并终止应用程序时，调用onSaveInstanceState。当用户刚刚关闭应用程序时，不会调用它。所以我认为应用程序状态也应该保存在onPause中。

它应该保存到一些持久性存储中，如Preferences或SQLite。

2020年，我们有一些变化：

如果您希望“活动”在进程终止并再次启动后恢复其状态，则可能需要使用“保存状态”功能。以前，需要重写Activity中的两个方法：onSaveInstanceState和onRestoreInstanceState。您还可以在onCreate方法中访问恢复的状态。类似地，在Fragment中，您有onSaveInstanceState方法可用（恢复的状态在onCreate、onCreateView和onActivityCreated方法中可用）。

从AndroidX SavedState 1.0.0开始，它是AndroidX Activity和AndroidX Fragment的依赖项，您可以访问SavedStateRegistry。您可以从Activity/Fragment获取SavedStateRegistry，然后注册SavedStateProvider：

class MyActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

  companion object {
    private const val MY_SAVED_STATE_KEY = "MY_SAVED_STATE_KEY "
    private const val SOME_VALUE_KEY = "SOME_VALUE_KEY "
  }
    
  private lateinit var someValue: String
  private val savedStateProvider = SavedStateRegistry.SavedStateProvider {    
    Bundle().apply {
      putString(SOME_VALUE_KEY, someValue)
    }
  }
  
  override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {    
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    savedStateRegistry.registerSavedStateProvider(MY_SAVED_STATE_KEY, savedStateProvider)
    someValue = savedStateRegistry.consumeRestoredStateForKey(MY_SAVED_STATE_KEY)?.getString(SOME_VALUE_KEY) ?: ""
  }
  
}

如您所见，SavedStateRegistry强制您对数据使用键。这可以防止您的数据被附加到同一Activity/Fragment的另一个SavedStateProvider损坏。此外，您还可以将SavedStateProvider提取到另一个类中，以便通过使用所需的抽象来处理数据，从而在应用程序中实现干净的保存状态行为。

onSaveInstanceState（bundle）和onRestoreInstanceState（bundle）方法仅在旋转屏幕（方向更改）时用于数据持久化。在应用程序之间切换时，它们甚至都不好（因为调用了onSaveInstanceState（）方法，但不会再次调用onCreate（捆绑包）和onRestoreInstanceState（捆绑）。要获得更多持久性，请使用共享首选项。阅读这篇文章

为了帮助减少样板，我使用以下接口和类来读取/写入Bundle以保存实例状态。

首先，创建一个用于注释实例变量的接口：

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({
        ElementType.FIELD
})
public @interface SaveInstance {

}

然后，创建一个类，其中反射将用于将值保存到捆绑包：

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.util.Log;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

/**
 * Save and load fields to/from a {@link Bundle}. All fields should be annotated with {@link
 * SaveInstance}.</p>
 */
public class Icicle {

    private static final String TAG = "Icicle";

    /**
     * Find all fields with the {@link SaveInstance} annotation and add them to the {@link Bundle}.
     *
     * @param outState
     *         The bundle from {@link Activity#onSaveInstanceState(Bundle)} or {@link
     *         Fragment#onSaveInstanceState(Bundle)}
     * @param classInstance
     *         The object to access the fields which have the {@link SaveInstance} annotation.
     * @see #load(Bundle, Object)
     */
    public static void save(Bundle outState, Object classInstance) {
        save(outState, classInstance, classInstance.getClass());
    }

    /**
     * Find all fields with the {@link SaveInstance} annotation and add them to the {@link Bundle}.
     *
     * @param outState
     *         The bundle from {@link Activity#onSaveInstanceState(Bundle)} or {@link
     *         Fragment#onSaveInstanceState(Bundle)}
     * @param classInstance
     *         The object to access the fields which have the {@link SaveInstance} annotation.
     * @param baseClass
     *         Base class, used to get all superclasses of the instance.
     * @see #load(Bundle, Object, Class)
     */
    public static void save(Bundle outState, Object classInstance, Class<?> baseClass) {
        if (outState == null) {
            return;
        }
        Class<?> clazz = classInstance.getClass();
        while (baseClass.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
            String className = clazz.getName();
            for (Field field : clazz.getDeclaredFields()) {
                if (field.isAnnotationPresent(SaveInstance.class)) {
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    String key = className + "#" + field.getName();
                    try {
                        Object value = field.get(classInstance);
                        if (value instanceof Parcelable) {
                            outState.putParcelable(key, (Parcelable) value);
                        } else if (value instanceof Serializable) {
                            outState.putSerializable(key, (Serializable) value);
                        }
                    } catch (Throwable t) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "The field '" + key + "' was not added to the bundle");
                    }
                }
            }
            clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Load all saved fields that have the {@link SaveInstance} annotation.
     *
     * @param savedInstanceState
     *         The saved-instance {@link Bundle} from an {@link Activity} or {@link Fragment}.
     * @param classInstance
     *         The object to access the fields which have the {@link SaveInstance} annotation.
     * @see #save(Bundle, Object)
     */
    public static void load(Bundle savedInstanceState, Object classInstance) {
        load(savedInstanceState, classInstance, classInstance.getClass());
    }

    /**
     * Load all saved fields that have the {@link SaveInstance} annotation.
     *
     * @param savedInstanceState
     *         The saved-instance {@link Bundle} from an {@link Activity} or {@link Fragment}.
     * @param classInstance
     *         The object to access the fields which have the {@link SaveInstance} annotation.
     * @param baseClass
     *         Base class, used to get all superclasses of the instance.
     * @see #save(Bundle, Object, Class)
     */
    public static void load(Bundle savedInstanceState, Object classInstance, Class<?> baseClass) {
        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            return;
        }
        Class<?> clazz = classInstance.getClass();
        while (baseClass.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
            String className = clazz.getName();
            for (Field field : clazz.getDeclaredFields()) {
                if (field.isAnnotationPresent(SaveInstance.class)) {
                    String key = className + "#" + field.getName();
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    try {
                        Object fieldVal = savedInstanceState.get(key);
                        if (fieldVal != null) {
                            field.set(classInstance, fieldVal);
                        }
                    } catch (Throwable t) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "The field '" + key + "' was not retrieved from the bundle");
                    }
                }
            }
            clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
        }
    }

}

示例用法：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @SaveInstance
    private String foo;

    @SaveInstance
    private int bar;

    @SaveInstance
    private Intent baz;

    @SaveInstance
    private boolean qux;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        Icicle.load(savedInstanceState, this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        Icicle.save(outState, this);
    }

}

注意：此代码改编自一个名为AndroidAutowire的库项目，该项目根据麻省理工学院许可证获得许可。

解决这个问题的简单快捷方法是使用IcePick

首先，在app/build.gradle中设置库

repositories {
  maven {url "https://clojars.org/repo/"}
}
dependencies {
  compile 'frankiesardo:icepick:3.2.0'
  provided 'frankiesardo:icepick-processor:3.2.0'
}

现在，让我们看看下面的示例，如何在“活动”中保存状态

public class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
  @State String username; // This will be automatically saved and restored

  @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    Icepick.restoreInstanceState(this, savedInstanceState);
  }

  @Override public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    Icepick.saveInstanceState(this, outState);
  }
}

它适用于Activities、Fragments或任何需要在Bundle上序列化其状态的对象（例如，迫击炮的ViewPresenter）

Icepick还可以为自定义视图生成实例状态代码：

class CustomView extends View {
  @State int selectedPosition; // This will be automatically saved and restored

  @Override public Parcelable onSaveInstanceState() {
    return Icepick.saveInstanceState(this, super.onSaveInstanceState());
  }

  @Override public void onRestoreInstanceState(Parcelable state) {
    super.onRestoreInstanceState(Icepick.restoreInstanceState(this, state));
  }

  // You can put the calls to Icepick into a BaseCustomView and inherit from it
  // All Views extending this CustomView automatically have state saved/restored
}