我找到了一个解决这类问题的下流方法。如果您出于某种原因(我有时间限制的原因)仍然希望保留ActivityGroups，您只需实现即可

public void onBackPressed() {}

在Activity中做一些回显代码。即使旧设备上没有这样的方法，这个方法也会被新设备调用。

提供:IllegalStateException的解决方案

这个问题困扰了我很久，但幸运的是，我想出了一个具体的解决方案。这里有详细的解释。

使用commitAllowStateloss()可能会防止这种异常，但会导致UI不规范。到目前为止，我们已经了解到，当我们在Activity状态丢失后试图提交一个片段时，会遇到IllegalStateException—所以我们应该延迟事务，直到状态恢复。可以像这样简单地做

声明两个私有布尔变量

 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    //Boolean variable to mark if the transaction is safe
    private boolean isTransactionSafe;

    //Boolean variable to mark if there is any transaction pending
    private boolean isTransactionPending;

现在在onPostResume()和onPause中，我们设置和取消设置布尔变量isTransactionSafe。想法是只有当活动在前台时才标记事务安全，这样就不会有无状态的机会。

/*
onPostResume is called only when the activity's state is completely restored. In this we will
set our boolean variable to true. Indicating that transaction is safe now
 */
public void onPostResume(){
    super.onPostResume();
    isTransactionSafe=true;
}
/*
onPause is called just before the activity moves to background and also before onSaveInstanceState. In this
we will mark the transaction as unsafe
 */

public void onPause(){
    super.onPause();
    isTransactionSafe=false;

}

private void commitFragment(){
    if(isTransactionSafe) {
        MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.frame, myFragment);
        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }
}

-我们到目前为止所做的将从IllegalStateException保存，但我们的事务将丢失，如果它们在活动移动到后台后完成，有点像commitAllowStateloss()。为了解决这个问题，我们有一个isTransactionPending布尔变量

public void onPostResume(){
   super.onPostResume();
   isTransactionSafe=true;
/* Here after the activity is restored we check if there is any transaction pending from
the last restoration
*/
   if (isTransactionPending) {
      commitFragment();
   }
}


private void commitFragment(){

 if(isTransactionSafe) {
     MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
     FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
     FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
     fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.frame, myFragment);
     fragmentTransaction.commit();
     isTransactionPending=false;
 }else {
     /*
     If any transaction is not done because the activity is in background. We set the
     isTransactionPending variable to true so that we can pick this up when we come back to
foreground
     */
     isTransactionPending=true;
 }
}

芬兰湾的科特林扩展

fun FragmentManager?.replaceAndAddToBackStack(
    @IdRes containerViewId: Int,
    fragment: () -> Fragment,
    tag: String
) {
    // Find and synchronously remove a fragment with the same tag.
    // The second transaction must start after the first has finished.
    this?.findFragmentByTag(tag)?.let {
        beginTransaction().remove(it).commitNow()
    }
    // Add a fragment.
    this?.beginTransaction()?.run {
        replace(containerViewId, fragment, tag)
        // The next line will add the fragment to a back stack.
        // Remove if not needed.
        // You can use null instead of tag, but tag is needed for popBackStack(), 
        // see https://stackoverflow.com/a/59158254/2914140
        addToBackStack(tag)
    }?.commitAllowingStateLoss()
}

用法:

val fragment = { SomeFragment.newInstance(data) }
fragmentManager?.replaceAndAddToBackStack(R.id.container, fragment, SomeFragment.TAG)

请在这里检查我的答案。基本上我只需要:

@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    //No call for super(). Bug on API Level > 11.
}

不要在saveInstanceState方法上调用super()。这把事情搞砸了……

这是支持包中的一个已知错误。

如果你需要保存实例并添加一些东西到outState Bundle中，你可以使用以下方法:

@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    outState.putString("WORKAROUND_FOR_BUG_19917_KEY", "WORKAROUND_FOR_BUG_19917_VALUE");
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}

最后，正确的解决方案是(如评论所示)使用:

transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();

当添加或执行导致异常的FragmentTransaction时。

我也遇到过类似的问题，场景是这样的:

我的活动正在添加/替换列表片段。 每个列表片段都有一个对活动的引用，以便在单击列表项时通知活动(观察者模式)。 每个列表片段调用setRetainInstance(true);在其onCreate方法中。

活动的onCreate方法是这样的:

mMainFragment = (SelectionFragment) getSupportFragmentManager()
                .findFragmentByTag(MAIN_FRAGMENT_TAG);
        if (mMainFragment == null) {
            mMainFragment = new SelectionFragment();

            mMainFragment.setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                    R.layout.item_main_menu, getResources().getStringArray(
                            R.array.main_menu)));
mMainFragment.setOnSelectionChangedListener(this);
            FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager()
                    .beginTransaction();
            transaction.add(R.id.content, mMainFragment, MAIN_FRAGMENT_TAG);
            transaction.commit();
        }

异常被抛出是因为当配置改变时(设备旋转)，活动被创建，主片段从片段管理器的历史中检索，同时片段已经有一个OLD引用到被销毁的活动

将实现改为这样就解决了问题:

mMainFragment = (SelectionFragment) getSupportFragmentManager()
                .findFragmentByTag(MAIN_FRAGMENT_TAG);
        if (mMainFragment == null) {
            mMainFragment = new SelectionFragment();

            mMainFragment.setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                    R.layout.item_main_menu, getResources().getStringArray(
                            R.array.main_menu)));
            FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager()
                    .beginTransaction();
            transaction.add(R.id.content, mMainFragment, MAIN_FRAGMENT_TAG);
            transaction.commit();
        }
        mMainFragment.setOnSelectionChangedListener(this);

您需要在每次创建活动时设置侦听器，以避免片段引用已销毁的活动的旧实例。

在我的情况下，我在一个叫做onActivityResult的覆盖方法中得到了这个错误。在挖掘之后，我才发现也许我之前需要打电话给“超级”。 我加进去了，效果很好

override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); //<--- THIS IS THE SUPPER CALL
    if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK && requestCode == 0) {
        mostrarFragment(FiltroFragment.newInstance())
    }

}

也许你只需要在代码之前的任何重写上添加一个“super”。