我在C#(ApplicationClass)中使用Excel互操作,并在finally子句中放置了以下代码:

while (System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelSheet) != 0) { }
excelSheet = null;
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

尽管这种方法有效,但即使在我关闭Excel之后,Excel.exe进程仍处于后台。它只在我的应用程序被手动关闭后发布。

我做错了什么,或者是否有其他方法可以确保正确处理互操作对象?


当前回答

我认为其中一些只是框架处理Office应用程序的方式,但我可能错了。在某些日子,一些应用程序会立即清理进程,而在其他日子,似乎要等到应用程序关闭。总的来说,我不再关注细节,只是确保一天结束时没有任何额外的流程。

还有,也许我过于简化了,但我想你可以。。。

objExcel = new Excel.Application();
objBook = (Excel.Workbook)(objExcel.Workbooks.Add(Type.Missing));
DoSomeStuff(objBook);
SaveTheBook(objBook);
objBook.Close(false, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
objExcel.Quit();

正如我之前所说,我不太关注Excel进程出现或消失的细节,但这通常对我有用。我也不喜欢在最短的时间内保持Excel进程,但我可能只是在这方面有点偏执。

其他回答

只是为了给这里列出的众多解决方案添加另一个解决方案,使用C++/ATL自动化(我想您可以使用类似于VB/C#??的东西)

Excel::_ApplicationPtr pXL = ...
  :
SendMessage ( ( HWND ) m_pXL->GetHwnd ( ), WM_DESTROY, 0, 0 ) ;

这对我来说很有魅力。。。

我找到了一个有用的通用模板,它可以帮助实现COM对象的正确处置模式,这些对象在超出范围时需要调用Marshal.ReleaseComObject:

用法:

using (AutoReleaseComObject<Application> excelApplicationWrapper = new AutoReleaseComObject<Application>(new Application()))
{
    try
    {
        using (AutoReleaseComObject<Workbook> workbookWrapper = new AutoReleaseComObject<Workbook>(excelApplicationWrapper.ComObject.Workbooks.Open(namedRangeBase.FullName, false, false, missing, missing, missing, true, missing, missing, true, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing)))
        {
           // do something with your workbook....
        }
    }
    finally
    {
         excelApplicationWrapper.ComObject.Quit();
    } 
}

模板:

public class AutoReleaseComObject<T> : IDisposable
{
    private T m_comObject;
    private bool m_armed = true;
    private bool m_disposed = false;

    public AutoReleaseComObject(T comObject)
    {
        Debug.Assert(comObject != null);
        m_comObject = comObject;
    }

#if DEBUG
    ~AutoReleaseComObject()
    {
        // We should have been disposed using Dispose().
        Debug.WriteLine("Finalize being called, should have been disposed");

        if (this.ComObject != null)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("ComObject was not null:{0}, name:{1}.", this.ComObject, this.ComObjectName));
        }

        //Debug.Assert(false);
    }
#endif

    public T ComObject
    {
        get
        {
            Debug.Assert(!m_disposed);
            return m_comObject;
        }
    }

    private string ComObjectName
    {
        get
        {
            if(this.ComObject is Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook)
            {
                return ((Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook)this.ComObject).Name;
            }

            return null;
        }
    }

    public void Disarm()
    {
        Debug.Assert(!m_disposed);
        m_armed = false;
    }

    #region IDisposable Members

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(true);
#if DEBUG
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
#endif
    }

    #endregion

    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (!m_disposed)
        {
            if (m_armed)
            {
                int refcnt = 0;
                do
                {
                    refcnt = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_comObject);
                } while (refcnt > 0);

                m_comObject = default(T);
            }

            m_disposed = true;
        }
    }
}

参考:

http://www.deez.info/sengelha/2005/02/11/useful-idisposable-class-3-autoreleasecomobject/

我的解决方案

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(int hWnd, out int lpdwProcessId);

private void GenerateExcel()
{
    var excel = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
    int id;
    // Find the Excel Process Id (ath the end, you kill him
    GetWindowThreadProcessId(excel.Hwnd, out id);
    Process excelProcess = Process.GetProcessById(id);

try
{
    // Your code
}
finally
{
    excel.Quit();

    // Kill him !
    excelProcess.Kill();
}

Excel命名空间中的任何内容都需要发布。时期

你不能这样做:

Worksheet ws = excel.WorkBooks[1].WorkSheets[1];

你必须这样做

Workbooks books = excel.WorkBooks;
Workbook book = books[1];
Sheets sheets = book.WorkSheets;
Worksheet ws = sheets[1];

随后释放物体。

接受的答案对我不起作用。析构函数中的以下代码起了作用。

if (xlApp != null)
{
    xlApp.Workbooks.Close();
    xlApp.Quit();
}

System.Diagnostics.Process[] processArray = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName("EXCEL");
foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process process in processArray)
{
    if (process.MainWindowTitle.Length == 0) { process.Kill(); }
}