__proto__是构造prototype和构造函数的基础，例如:function human(){}拥有prototype，该prototype在构造函数的新实例中通过__proto__共享。这里有更详细的阅读

我的理解是:__proto__和prototype都是为原型链技术服务的。区别在于以下划线命名的函数(如__proto__)根本不是开发人员显式调用的目标。换句话说，它们只是用于继承等机制，它们是“后端”。但是不带下划线的函数是为显式调用而设计的，它们是“前端”。

在JavaScript中，函数可以用作构造函数。这意味着我们可以使用new关键字从它们中创建对象。每个构造函数都带有一个内置对象。这个内置对象称为原型。构造函数的实例使用__proto__来访问其构造函数的prototype属性。

First we created a constructor: function Foo(){}. To be clear, Foo is just another function. But we can create an object from it with the new keyword. That's why we call it the constructor function Every function has a unique property which is called the prototype property. So, Constructor function Foo has a prototype property which points to its prototype, which is Foo.prototype (see image). Constructor functions are themselves a function which is an instance of a system constructor called the [[Function]] constructor. So we can say that function Foo is constructed by a [[Function]] constructor. So, __proto__ of our Foo function will point to the prototype of its constructor, which is Function.prototype. Function.prototype is itself is nothing but an object which is constructed from another system constructor called [[Object]]. So, [[Object]] is the constructor of Function.prototype. So, we can say Function.prototype is an instance of [[Object]]. So __proto__ of Function.prototype points to Object.prototype. Object.prototype is the last man standing in the prototype chain. I mean it has not been constructed. It's already there in the system. So its __proto__ points to null. Now we come to instances of Foo. When we create an instance using new Foo(), it creates a new object which is an instance of Foo. That means Foo is the constructor of these instances. Here we created two instances (x and y). __proto__ of x and y thus points to Foo.prototype.

解释性的例子:

function Dog(){}
Dog.prototype.bark = "woof"

let myPuppie = new Dog()

现在，myPupppie有__proto__属性指向Dog.prototype。

> myPuppie.__proto__
>> {bark: "woof", constructor: ƒ}

但是mypuppy没有原型属性。

> myPuppie.prototype
>> undefined

因此，mypuppie的__proto__是对用于实例化此对象的构造函数的.prototype属性的引用(当前mypuppie对象与此__proto__对象具有“委托”关系)，而mypuppie的.prototype属性则根本不存在(因为我们没有设置它)。

MPJ的解释很好: 在JavaScript中创建对象

对于静态方法使用__proto__怎么样?

function Foo(name){
  this.name = name
  Foo.__proto__.collection.push(this)
  Foo.__proto__.count++

}

Foo.__proto__.count=0
Foo.__proto__.collection=[]

var bar = new Foo('bar')
var baz = new Foo('baz')

Foo.count;//2
Foo.collection // [{...}, {...}]
bar.count // undefined

只有一个对象用于原型链接。该对象显然有一个名称和值:__proto__是它的名称，prototype是它的值。这是所有。

为了让它更容易理解，看看这篇文章顶部的图表(由dmitry soshnikov绘制的图表)，你永远不会发现__proto__的值指向prototype以外的其他东西。

要点是:__proto__是引用原型对象的名称，prototype是实际的原型对象。

这就像是在说:

let x = {name: 'john'};

X是对象名称(指针)，{name: 'john'}是实际对象(数据值)。

注意:这只是一个非常简单的提示，说明它们在较高的水平上是如何相互关联的。

更新:下面是一个简单具体的javascript示例，以便更好地说明:

let x = new String("testing") // Or any other javascript object you want to create

Object.getPrototypeOf(x) === x.__proto__; // true

这意味着当Object.getPrototypeOf(x)为我们获取x的实际值(这是它的原型)时，正是x的__proto__所指向的。因此__proto__确实指向x的原型。因此__proto__引用x (x的指针)，而prototype是x的值(它的原型)。

我希望现在大家都明白了。