__proto__是构造prototype和构造函数的基础，例如:function human(){}拥有prototype，该prototype在构造函数的新实例中通过__proto__共享。这里有更详细的阅读

对于静态方法使用__proto__怎么样?

function Foo(name){
  this.name = name
  Foo.__proto__.collection.push(this)
  Foo.__proto__.count++

}

Foo.__proto__.count=0
Foo.__proto__.collection=[]

var bar = new Foo('bar')
var baz = new Foo('baz')

Foo.count;//2
Foo.collection // [{...}, {...}]
bar.count // undefined

__proto__是在查找链中用于解析方法的实际对象，prototype是在你用new创建对象时用于构建__proto__的对象:

( new Foo ).__proto__ === Foo.prototype
( new Foo ).prototype === undefined

我认为你需要知道__proto__， [[prototype]]和prototype之间的区别。

公认的答案是有帮助的，但它可能暗示(不完全)__proto__只与在构造函数上使用new创建的对象相关，这是不正确的。

更准确地说:__proto__存在于每个对象上。

But what is __proto__ at all? Well, it is an object referencing another object which is also a property of all objects, called [[prototype]]. It's worth mentioning that [[prototype]] is something that JavaScript handles internally and is inaccessible to the developer. Why would we need a reference object to the property [[prototype]] (of all objects)? Because JavaScript doesn't want to allow getting / setting the [[prototype]] directly, so it allows it through a middle layer which is __proto__. So you can think of __proto__ as a getter/setter of the [[prototype]] property. What is prototype then? It is something specific to functions(Initially defined in Function, i.e, Function.prototype and then prototypically inherited by newly created functions, and then again those functions give it to their children, forming a chain of prototypical inheritance). JavaScript uses a parent function's prototype to set its child functions' [[prototype]] when that parent function is run with new (remember we said all objects have [[prototype]]? well, functions are objects too, so they have [[prototype]] as well). So when the [[prototype]] of a function(child) is set to the prototype of another function(parent), you will have this in the end: let child = new Parent(); child.__proto__ === Parent.prototype // --> true. (Remember child.[[prototype]] is inaccessible, so we checked it using __proto__.)

注意1:只要属性不在子对象中，它的__proto__将被“隐式”搜索。例如，if child。Myprop返回一个值，你不能说" Myprop "是子对象的属性，还是父对象原型的属性。这也意味着你永远不需要做这样的事情:child.__proto__.__proto__。我的东西你自己拿去吧，孩子。Myprop会自动为你做这件事。

注意2:即使父对象的原型中有项目，子对象自己的原型最初也是一个空对象。如果您想进一步扩展继承链(将child[ren]添加到child)，则可以向其中添加项或手动从其中删除项。或者可以隐式地操纵它，例如使用类语法。)

注意3:如果你需要自己设置/获取[[prototype]]，使用__proto__有点过时，现代JavaScript建议使用Object。setPrototypeOf和Object。getPrototypeOf代替。

Prototype VS. __proto__ VS. [[Prototype]]

在创建函数时，会自动创建一个名为prototype的属性对象(不是您自己创建的)，并将其附加到函数对象(构造函数)。注意:这个新的原型对象也指向本机JavaScript对象，或者有一个内部私有链接。

例子:

function Foo () {
    this.name = 'John Doe';
}

// Foo has an object property called prototype.
// prototype was created automatically when we declared the function Foo.
Foo.hasOwnProperty('prototype'); // true

// Now, we can assign properties and methods to it:
Foo.prototype.myName = function () {
    return 'My name is ' + this.name;
}

如果你使用new关键字从Foo中创建一个新对象，你基本上是在创建一个新对象，它有一个内部或私有的链接到我们之前讨论过的函数Foo的原型:

var b = new Foo();

b.[[Prototype]] === Foo.prototype  // true

到该函数对象的私有链接称为双括号prototype或[[prototype]]。许多浏览器为我们提供了一个公共链接，称为__proto__!

更具体地说，__proto__实际上是一个属于原生JavaScript对象的getter函数。它返回this绑定的内部私有原型链接(返回b的[[prototype]]):

b.__proto__ === Foo.prototype // true

值得注意的是，ECMAScript5的启动，你也可以使用getPrototypeOf方法来获得内部的私有链接:

Object.getPrototypeOf(b) === b.__proto__ // true

注意:这个答案并不打算涵盖创建新对象或新构造函数的整个过程，而是帮助更好地理解__proto__、prototype和[[prototype]]以及它是如何工作的。

！！!这是世界上最好的解释!!!!!

var q = {}
var prototype = {prop: 11}

q.prop // undefined
q.__proto__ = prototype
q.prop // 11

在函数构造函数中，当我们编写新Class时，javascript引擎会自动调用这个q.__proto__ = prototype，并在__proto__道具中设置Class.prototype

function Class(){}
Class.prototype = {prop: 999} // set prototype as we need, before call new

var q = new Class() // q.__proto__ = Class.prototype
q.prop // 999

享受%)