简介:

对象的__proto__属性是映射到该对象的构造函数原型的属性。换句话说:

实例。__proto__ ===构造函数。原型// true

这用于形成对象的原型链。原型链是一个对象属性的查找机制。如果访问对象的属性，JavaScript将首先查看对象本身。如果属性在那里没有找到，它将一路攀升到原链，直到它被找到(或没有)

例子:

人(姓名、城市){ This.name = name; ｝ Person.prototype.age = 25; const willem =新人(' willem '); console.log(威廉。__proto__ === Person.prototype);//实例上的__proto__属性指向构造函数的原型 console.log (willem.age);// 25没有在willem object中找到它，但在prototype中存在 console.log (willem.__proto__.age);//现在我们直接访问Person函数的原型

第一个日志的结果为true，这是因为构造函数创建的实例的__proto__属性引用了构造函数的prototype属性。记住，在JavaScript中，函数也是对象。对象可以有属性，任何函数的默认属性都是一个名为prototype的属性。

然后，当这个函数被用作构造函数时，从它实例化的对象将接收一个名为__proto__的属性。这个__proto__属性引用了构造函数的prototype属性(默认情况下每个函数都有)。

为什么这个有用?

JavaScript在查找对象属性时有一种叫做“原型继承”的机制，下面是它的基本功能:

First, it's checked if the property is located on the Object itself. If so, this property is returned. If the property is not located on the object itself, it will 'climb up the protochain'. It basically looks at the object referred to by the __proto__ property. There, it checks if the property is available on the object referred to by __proto__. If the property isn't located on the __proto__ object, it will climb up the __proto__ chain, all the way up to Object object. If it cannot find the property anywhere on the object and its prototype chain, it will return undefined.

例如:

人(名){ This.name = name; ｝ let mySelf =新人(“威廉”); console.log(我自己。__proto__ === Person.prototype); console.log (mySelf.__proto__。__proto__ === Object.prototype);

除了以上这些精彩的答案外，我还想说得更清楚一点:

function Person(name){
    this.name = name
 }; 

var eve = new Person("Eve");

eve.__proto__ == Person.prototype //true

eve.prototype  //undefined

实例有__proto__，类有prototype。

__proto__是在类/函数的实例创建时创建的。基本上，它包含创建实例的类/函数的原型。 原型包含可以被链接的实际原型。

__proto__是在查找链中用于解析方法的实际对象，prototype是在你用new创建对象时用于构建__proto__的对象:

( new Foo ).__proto__ === Foo.prototype
( new Foo ).prototype === undefined

在JavaScript中，函数可以用作构造函数。这意味着我们可以使用new关键字从它们中创建对象。每个构造函数都带有一个内置对象。这个内置对象称为原型。构造函数的实例使用__proto__来访问其构造函数的prototype属性。

First we created a constructor: function Foo(){}. To be clear, Foo is just another function. But we can create an object from it with the new keyword. That's why we call it the constructor function Every function has a unique property which is called the prototype property. So, Constructor function Foo has a prototype property which points to its prototype, which is Foo.prototype (see image). Constructor functions are themselves a function which is an instance of a system constructor called the [[Function]] constructor. So we can say that function Foo is constructed by a [[Function]] constructor. So, __proto__ of our Foo function will point to the prototype of its constructor, which is Function.prototype. Function.prototype is itself is nothing but an object which is constructed from another system constructor called [[Object]]. So, [[Object]] is the constructor of Function.prototype. So, we can say Function.prototype is an instance of [[Object]]. So __proto__ of Function.prototype points to Object.prototype. Object.prototype is the last man standing in the prototype chain. I mean it has not been constructed. It's already there in the system. So its __proto__ points to null. Now we come to instances of Foo. When we create an instance using new Foo(), it creates a new object which is an instance of Foo. That means Foo is the constructor of these instances. Here we created two instances (x and y). __proto__ of x and y thus points to Foo.prototype.

原型

prototype是一个函数的属性。它是通过使用带有new关键字的that(构造函数)函数创建对象的蓝图。

__proto__

__proto__在查找链中用于解析方法、属性。当创建对象时(使用构造函数函数和new关键字)，__proto__被设置为(构造函数)function .prototype

function Robot(name) {
    this.name = name;
}
var robot = new Robot();

// the following are true   
robot.__proto__ == Robot.prototype
robot.__proto__.__proto__ == Object.prototype

以下是我的(假想的)解释，以消除困惑:

假设有一个与函数相关的假想类(blueprint/ cookie cutter)。那个假想类用于实例化对象。prototype是一种扩展机制(c#或Swift Extension中的扩展方法)，用于向虚类中添加内容。

function Robot(name) {
    this.name = name;
}

以上可以想象为:

// imaginary class
class Robot extends Object{

    static prototype = Robot.class  
    // Robot.prototype is the way to add things to Robot class
    // since Robot extends Object, therefore Robot.prototype.__proto__ == Object.prototype

    var __proto__;

    var name = "";

    // constructor
    function Robot(name) {

        this.__proto__ = prototype;
        prototype = undefined;

        this.name = name;
    }

} 

So,

var robot = new Robot();

robot.__proto__ == Robot.prototype
robot.prototype == undefined
robot.__proto__.__proto__ == Object.prototype

现在为Robot的原型添加方法:

Robot.prototype.move(x, y) = function(x, y){ Robot.position.x = x; Robot.position.y = y};
// Robot.prototype.move(x, y) ===(imagining)===> Robot.class.move(x, y)

以上可以想象为Robot类的扩展:

// Swift way of extention
extension Robot{
    function move(x, y){    
        Robot.position.x = x; Robot.position.y = y
    }
}

反过来，

// imaginary class
class Robot{

    static prototype = Robot.class // Robot.prototype way to extend Robot class
    var __proto__;

    var name = "";

    // constructor
    function Robot(name) {

        this.__proto__ = prototype;
        prototype = undefined;

        this.name = name;
    }

    // added by prototype (as like C# extension method)
    function move(x, y){ 
        Robot.position.x = x; Robot.position.y = y
    };
}