FetchType。LAZY和FetchType。EAGER用于定义默认的读取计划。

不幸的是，您只能覆盖LAZY抓取的默认抓取计划。EAGER抓取不太灵活，可能导致许多性能问题。

我的建议是克制将关联设置为EAGER的冲动，因为取回是查询时的责任。因此，您的所有查询都应该使用fetch指令来只检索当前业务用例所需的内容。

基本上,

LAZY = fetch when needed
EAGER = fetch immediately

如果你在使用Hibernate，你可以在调用getStudents()方法时调用Hibernate.initialize():

Public class UniversityDaoImpl extends GenericDaoHibernate<University, Integer> implements UniversityDao {
    //...
    @Override
    public University get(final Integer id) {
        Query query = getQuery("from University u where idUniversity=:id").setParameter("id", id).setMaxResults(1).setFetchSize(1);
        University university = (University) query.uniqueResult();
        ***Hibernate.initialize(university.getStudents());***
        return university;
    }
    //...
}

这两种类型的抓取之间的主要区别是数据加载到内存中的时刻。 我附上了2张照片来帮助你理解这一点。

急于获取

延迟获取

Book.java

        import java.io.Serializable;
        import javax.persistence.Column;
        import javax.persistence.Entity;
        import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
        import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
        import javax.persistence.Id;
        import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
        import javax.persistence.Table;

        @Entity
        @Table(name="Books")
        public class Books implements Serializable{

        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
        @Column(name="book_id")
        private int id;
        @Column(name="book_name")
        private String name;

        @Column(name="author_name")
        private String authorName;

        @ManyToOne
        Subject subject;

        public Subject getSubject() {
            return subject;
        }
        public void setSubject(Subject subject) {
            this.subject = subject;
        }

        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public String getAuthorName() {
            return authorName;
        }
        public void setAuthorName(String authorName) {
            this.authorName = authorName;
        }

        }

Subject.java

    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
    import javax.persistence.Column;
    import javax.persistence.Entity;
    import javax.persistence.FetchType;
    import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; 
    import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
    import javax.persistence.Id;
    import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
    import javax.persistence.Table;

    @Entity
    @Table(name="Subject")
    public class Subject implements Serializable{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name="subject_id")
    private int id;
    @Column(name="subject_name")
    private String name;
    /**
    Observe carefully i have mentioned fetchType.EAGER. By default its is fetchType.LAZY for @OneToMany i have mentioned it but not required. Check the Output by changing it to fetchType.EAGER
    */

    @OneToMany(mappedBy="subject",cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY,
orphanRemoval=true)
    List<Books> listBooks=new ArrayList<Books>();

    public List<Books> getListBooks() {
        return listBooks;
    }
    public void setListBooks(List<Books> listBooks) {
        this.listBooks = listBooks;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    }

HibernateUtil.java

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class HibernateUtil {

 private static SessionFactory sessionFactory ;
 static {
    Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
    configuration.addAnnotatedClass (Com.OneToMany.Books.class);
    configuration.addAnnotatedClass (Com.OneToMany.Subject.class);
    configuration.setProperty("connection.driver_class","com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate");                                
    configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.username", "root");     
    configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.password", "root");
    configuration.setProperty("dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect");
    configuration.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
    configuration.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
    configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.connection.pool_size", "10");
    configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache", "true");
    configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.cache.use_query_cache", "true");
    configuration.setProperty(" cache.provider_class", "org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider");
    configuration.setProperty("hibernate.cache.region.factory_class" ,"org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory");

   // configuration
    StandardServiceRegistryBuilder builder = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties());
    sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(builder.build());
 }
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
    return sessionFactory;
}
} 

Main.java

    import org.hibernate.Session;
    import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

    public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SessionFactory factory=HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
        save(factory);
        retrieve(factory);

    }

     private static void retrieve(SessionFactory factory) {
        Session session=factory.openSession();
        try{
            session.getTransaction().begin();
            Subject subject=(Subject)session.get(Subject.class, 1);
            System.out.println("subject associated collection is loading lazily as @OneToMany is lazy loaded");

            Books books=(Books)session.get(Books.class, 1);
            System.out.println("books associated collection is loading eagerly as by default @ManyToOne is Eagerly loaded");
            /*Books b1=(Books)session.get(Books.class, new Integer(1));

            Subject sub=session.get(Subject.class, 1);
            sub.getListBooks().remove(b1);
            session.save(sub);
            session.getTransaction().commit();*/
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            session.close();
        }

        }

       private static void save(SessionFactory factory){
        Subject subject=new Subject();
        subject.setName("C++");

        Books books=new Books();
        books.setAuthorName("Bala");
        books.setName("C++ Book");
        books.setSubject(subject);

        subject.getListBooks().add(books);
        Session session=factory.openSession();
        try{
        session.beginTransaction();

        session.save(subject);

        session.getTransaction().commit();
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            session.close();
        }
    }

    }

检查Main.java的retrieve()方法。当我们获取Subject时，它的集合listBooks(带有@OneToMany注解)将被惰性加载。但是，另一方面，Books与集合主题相关的关联，带有@ManyToOne注释，会快速加载(@ManyToOne的[默认值][1]，fetchType=EAGER)。我们可以通过放置fetchType来改变这种行为。在@OneToMany Subject.java或fetchType上执行EAGER。LAZY on @ManyToOne in Books.java。

我想在上面说的基础上补充这一点。

假设您正在使用Spring (MVC和数据)与这个简单的架构:

Controller <-> Service <-> Repository

如果你使用FetchType，你想返回一些数据到前端。LAZY，在你将数据返回给控制器方法后，你会得到一个LazyInitializationException，因为会话在服务中关闭了，所以JSON Mapper对象无法获得数据。

根据设计、性能和开发人员的不同，有两种常见的方法来解决这个问题:

最简单的方法是使用FetchType。EAGER或任何其他反模式解决方案，使会话仍然活跃在控制器方法，但这些方法将影响性能。 最佳实践是使用FetchType。LAZY使用映射器(如MapStruct)将数据从Entity传输到另一个数据对象DTO，然后将其发送回控制器，因此会话关闭时没有异常。

有一个简单的例子:

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class UserResource {

    @GetMapping("/users")
    public Page<UserDTO> getAllUsers(Pageable pageable) {
        return userService.getAllUsers(pageable);
    }
}

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {

    private final UserRepository userRepository;

    public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public Page<UserDTO> getAllUsers(Pageable pageable) {
        return userRepository.findAll(pageable).map(UserDTO::new);
    }
}

@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, String> {

    Page<User> findAll(Pageable pageable);
}

public class UserDTO {

    private Long id;

    private String firstName;

    private String lastName;

    private String email;
    
    private Set<String> addresses;

    public UserDTO() {
        // Empty constructor needed for Jackson.
    }

    public UserDTO(User user) {
        this.id = user.getId();
        this.firstName = user.getFirstName();
        this.lastName = user.getLastName();
        this.email = user.getEmail();
        this.addresses = user.getAddresses().stream()
            .map(Address::getAddress)
            .collect(Collectors.toSet());
    }

    // Getters, setters, equals, and hashCode
}

@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column
    private String firstName;

    @Column
    private String lastName;

    @Column(unique = true)
    private String email;
    
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "address", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private Set<Address> addresses = new HashSet<>();

    // Getters, setters, equals, and hashCode
}

@Entity
@Table(name = "address")
public class Address implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column
    private String address;

    @ManyToOne
    @JsonIgnoreProperties(value = "addresses", allowSetters = true)
    private User user;

    // Getters, setters, equals, and hashCode
}