FetchType的区别是什么。LAZY和FetchType。Java持久性API中的EAGER ?
当前回答
来自Javadoc:
EAGER策略是持久性提供程序运行时的一个要求，即必须急切地获取数据。LAZY策略是对持久性提供程序运行时的一个提示，即在第一次访问数据时应该以惰性方式获取数据。
例如，渴望比懒惰更主动。Lazy只发生在第一次使用时(如果提供者接受了暗示)，而对于急切的东西(可能)会被预取。
其他回答
据我所知，这两种类型的取回取决于你的要求。
FetchType。LAZY是按需的(即当我们需要数据时)。
FetchType。EAGER是即时的(即在我们的需求到来之前，我们不必要地获取记录)
要理解它们之间的区别，最好的方法是了解lazy-okay。 FetchType。LAZY告诉hibernate在使用关系时只从数据库中获取相关的实体。
p.s.:在我参与过的许多项目中，我看到许多软件开发人员并不重视他们，甚至有人称自己为高级开发人员。如果您正在进行的项目不是在大量数据上进行数据交换，那么在这里使用EAGER是可以的。但是，考虑到可能出现n+1个问题的问题，您需要在默认情况下知道关系的获取类型之后注意这些问题。
这里你可以看到默认值: Hibernate中的默认获取类型为一对一、多对一和一对多
而且，即使在理解了取回类型之后，它也不会就此结束。要理解何时使用LAZY和何时使用EAGER，还需要理解单向和双向的概念。此外，spring引导存储库有一些方法允许它为懒惰或急切的用户读取数据。例如，getOne()或getById()方法允许您从实体中延迟获取数据。简而言之，你用什么，什么时候用，取决于对方想让你做什么。
我想在上面说的基础上补充这一点。
假设您正在使用Spring (MVC和数据)与这个简单的架构:
Controller <-> Service <-> Repository
如果你使用FetchType，你想返回一些数据到前端。LAZY，在你将数据返回给控制器方法后，你会得到一个LazyInitializationException，因为会话在服务中关闭了，所以JSON Mapper对象无法获得数据。
根据设计、性能和开发人员的不同，有两种常见的方法来解决这个问题:
最简单的方法是使用FetchType。EAGER或任何其他反模式解决方案，使会话仍然活跃在控制器方法，但这些方法将影响性能。 最佳实践是使用FetchType。LAZY使用映射器(如MapStruct)将数据从Entity传输到另一个数据对象DTO，然后将其发送回控制器，因此会话关闭时没有异常。
有一个简单的例子:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class UserResource {
@GetMapping("/users")
public Page<UserDTO> getAllUsers(Pageable pageable) {
return userService.getAllUsers(pageable);
}
}
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {
private final UserRepository userRepository;
public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) {
this.userRepository = userRepository;
}
@Transactional(readOnly = true)
public Page<UserDTO> getAllUsers(Pageable pageable) {
return userRepository.findAll(pageable).map(UserDTO::new);
}
}
@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, String> {
Page<User> findAll(Pageable pageable);
}
public class UserDTO {
private Long id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private String email;
private Set<String> addresses;
public UserDTO() {
// Empty constructor needed for Jackson.
}
public UserDTO(User user) {
this.id = user.getId();
this.firstName = user.getFirstName();
this.lastName = user.getLastName();
this.email = user.getEmail();
this.addresses = user.getAddresses().stream()
.map(Address::getAddress)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
// Getters, setters, equals, and hashCode
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@Column
private String firstName;
@Column
private String lastName;
@Column(unique = true)
private String email;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "address", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Set<Address> addresses = new HashSet<>();
// Getters, setters, equals, and hashCode
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "address")
public class Address implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@Column
private String address;
@ManyToOne
@JsonIgnoreProperties(value = "addresses", allowSetters = true)
private User user;
// Getters, setters, equals, and hashCode
}
Book.java
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="Books")
public class Books implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="book_id")
private int id;
@Column(name="book_name")
private String name;
@Column(name="author_name")
private String authorName;
@ManyToOne
Subject subject;
public Subject getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(Subject subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthorName() {
return authorName;
}
public void setAuthorName(String authorName) {
this.authorName = authorName;
}
}
Subject.java
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="Subject")
public class Subject implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="subject_id")
private int id;
@Column(name="subject_name")
private String name;
/**
Observe carefully i have mentioned fetchType.EAGER. By default its is fetchType.LAZY for @OneToMany i have mentioned it but not required. Check the Output by changing it to fetchType.EAGER
*/
@OneToMany(mappedBy="subject",cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY,
orphanRemoval=true)
List<Books> listBooks=new ArrayList<Books>();
public List<Books> getListBooks() {
return listBooks;
}
public void setListBooks(List<Books> listBooks) {
this.listBooks = listBooks;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
HibernateUtil.java
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class HibernateUtil {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory ;
static {
Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
configuration.addAnnotatedClass (Com.OneToMany.Books.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass (Com.OneToMany.Subject.class);
configuration.setProperty("connection.driver_class","com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.username", "root");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.password", "root");
configuration.setProperty("dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.connection.pool_size", "10");
configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache", "true");
configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.cache.use_query_cache", "true");
configuration.setProperty(" cache.provider_class", "org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.cache.region.factory_class" ,"org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory");
// configuration
StandardServiceRegistryBuilder builder = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties());
sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(builder.build());
}
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
}
Main.java
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SessionFactory factory=HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
save(factory);
retrieve(factory);
}
private static void retrieve(SessionFactory factory) {
Session session=factory.openSession();
try{
session.getTransaction().begin();
Subject subject=(Subject)session.get(Subject.class, 1);
System.out.println("subject associated collection is loading lazily as @OneToMany is lazy loaded");
Books books=(Books)session.get(Books.class, 1);
System.out.println("books associated collection is loading eagerly as by default @ManyToOne is Eagerly loaded");
/*Books b1=(Books)session.get(Books.class, new Integer(1));
Subject sub=session.get(Subject.class, 1);
sub.getListBooks().remove(b1);
session.save(sub);
session.getTransaction().commit();*/
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
session.close();
}
}
private static void save(SessionFactory factory){
Subject subject=new Subject();
subject.setName("C++");
Books books=new Books();
books.setAuthorName("Bala");
books.setName("C++ Book");
books.setSubject(subject);
subject.getListBooks().add(books);
Session session=factory.openSession();
try{
session.beginTransaction();
session.save(subject);
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
session.close();
}
}
}
检查Main.java的retrieve()方法。当我们获取Subject时，它的集合listBooks(带有@OneToMany注解)将被惰性加载。但是，另一方面，Books与集合主题相关的关联，带有@ManyToOne注释，会快速加载(@ManyToOne的[默认值][1]，fetchType=EAGER)。我们可以通过放置fetchType来改变这种行为。在@OneToMany Subject.java或fetchType上执行EAGER。LAZY on @ManyToOne in Books.java。
有一个小小的评论: 如果你使用惰性类型，如果你关闭会话，你以后将不能从数据库中获取数据(参见下面的输出)。
但是对于Eager类型，你在获取Instructor的同时获取数据，所以在session.close()之后，你将能够使用/显示这些课程列表数据。
@OneToMany(//fetch = FetchType.EAGER,
fetch = FetchType.LAZY,
mappedBy = "instructor",
cascade = {CascadeType.DETACH, CascadeType.MERGE,
CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.REFRESH})
private List<Course> courseList;
我建议在调试模式下尝试这两种方法。在这种情况下，我使用惰性类型，你可以看到。
try {
//start the transaction
session.beginTransaction();
//Get instructor from database
int instructorId = 7;
Instructor tempInstructor = session.get(Instructor.class,instructorId);
System.out.println("Instructor: "+tempInstructor);
//commit transaction
session.getTransaction().commit();
//close session
session.close();
//since courselist is lazy loaded... this should fail
//so in here we are not able to fetch courselist data
//get courses
System.out.println("Courses "+tempInstructor.getCourseList() );
System.out.println("Done!");
} finally {
session.close();
factory.close();
}
}
输出异常:
Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.exercise.hibernate.entity.Instructor.courseList, could not initialize proxy - no Session
at org.hibernate.collection.internal.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationException(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:606)
at org.hibernate.collection.internal.AbstractPersistentCollection.withTemporarySessionIfNeeded(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:218)
at org.hibernate.collection.internal.AbstractPersistentCollection.initialize(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:585)
at org.hibernate.collection.internal.AbstractPersistentCollection.read(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:149)
at org.hibernate.collection.internal.PersistentBag.toString(PersistentBag.java:621)
at java.base/java.lang.StringConcatHelper.stringOf(StringConcatHelper.java:453)
at java.base/java.lang.StringConcatHelper.simpleConcat(StringConcatHelper.java:408)
at com.exercise.hibernate.main.EagerLazyLoading.main(EagerLazyLoading.java:56)
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