FetchType的区别是什么。LAZY和FetchType。Java持久性API中的EAGER ?
当前回答
Book.java
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="Books")
public class Books implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="book_id")
private int id;
@Column(name="book_name")
private String name;
@Column(name="author_name")
private String authorName;
@ManyToOne
Subject subject;
public Subject getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(Subject subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthorName() {
return authorName;
}
public void setAuthorName(String authorName) {
this.authorName = authorName;
}
}
Subject.java
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="Subject")
public class Subject implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="subject_id")
private int id;
@Column(name="subject_name")
private String name;
/**
Observe carefully i have mentioned fetchType.EAGER. By default its is fetchType.LAZY for @OneToMany i have mentioned it but not required. Check the Output by changing it to fetchType.EAGER
*/
@OneToMany(mappedBy="subject",cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY,
orphanRemoval=true)
List<Books> listBooks=new ArrayList<Books>();
public List<Books> getListBooks() {
return listBooks;
}
public void setListBooks(List<Books> listBooks) {
this.listBooks = listBooks;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
HibernateUtil.java
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class HibernateUtil {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory ;
static {
Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
configuration.addAnnotatedClass (Com.OneToMany.Books.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass (Com.OneToMany.Subject.class);
configuration.setProperty("connection.driver_class","com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.username", "root");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.password", "root");
configuration.setProperty("dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.connection.pool_size", "10");
configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache", "true");
configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.cache.use_query_cache", "true");
configuration.setProperty(" cache.provider_class", "org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.cache.region.factory_class" ,"org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory");
// configuration
StandardServiceRegistryBuilder builder = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties());
sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(builder.build());
}
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
}
Main.java
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SessionFactory factory=HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
save(factory);
retrieve(factory);
}
private static void retrieve(SessionFactory factory) {
Session session=factory.openSession();
try{
session.getTransaction().begin();
Subject subject=(Subject)session.get(Subject.class, 1);
System.out.println("subject associated collection is loading lazily as @OneToMany is lazy loaded");
Books books=(Books)session.get(Books.class, 1);
System.out.println("books associated collection is loading eagerly as by default @ManyToOne is Eagerly loaded");
/*Books b1=(Books)session.get(Books.class, new Integer(1));
Subject sub=session.get(Subject.class, 1);
sub.getListBooks().remove(b1);
session.save(sub);
session.getTransaction().commit();*/
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
session.close();
}
}
private static void save(SessionFactory factory){
Subject subject=new Subject();
subject.setName("C++");
Books books=new Books();
books.setAuthorName("Bala");
books.setName("C++ Book");
books.setSubject(subject);
subject.getListBooks().add(books);
Session session=factory.openSession();
try{
session.beginTransaction();
session.save(subject);
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
session.close();
}
}
}
检查Main.java的retrieve()方法。当我们获取Subject时，它的集合listBooks(带有@OneToMany注解)将被惰性加载。但是，另一方面，Books与集合主题相关的关联，带有@ManyToOne注释，会快速加载(@ManyToOne的[默认值][1]，fetchType=EAGER)。我们可以通过放置fetchType来改变这种行为。在@OneToMany Subject.java或fetchType上执行EAGER。LAZY on @ManyToOne in Books.java。
其他回答
来自Javadoc:
EAGER策略是持久性提供程序运行时的一个要求，即必须急切地获取数据。LAZY策略是对持久性提供程序运行时的一个提示，即在第一次访问数据时应该以惰性方式获取数据。
例如，渴望比懒惰更主动。Lazy只发生在第一次使用时(如果提供者接受了暗示)，而对于急切的东西(可能)会被预取。
如果你在使用Hibernate，你可以在调用getStudents()方法时调用Hibernate.initialize():
Public class UniversityDaoImpl extends GenericDaoHibernate<University, Integer> implements UniversityDao {
//...
@Override
public University get(final Integer id) {
Query query = getQuery("from University u where idUniversity=:id").setParameter("id", id).setMaxResults(1).setFetchSize(1);
University university = (University) query.uniqueResult();
***Hibernate.initialize(university.getStudents());***
return university;
}
//...
}
有时你有两个实体它们之间有关系。例如，你可能有一个实体叫University，另一个实体叫Student，一个University可能有很多Student:
University实体可能有一些基本属性，如id、名称、地址等，以及一个名为students的集合属性，它返回给定大学的学生列表:
public class University {
private String id;
private String name;
private String address;
private List<Student> students;
// setters and getters
}
现在，当您从数据库加载University时，JPA将为您加载它的id、名称和地址字段。但是你有两种选择:
将它与其他字段一起加载(即急切地加载)，或者 在调用大学的getStudents()方法时按需加载它(即惰性加载)。
当一所大学有很多学生时，加载所有的学生并不是有效的，特别是当他们不需要的时候，在这种情况下，你可以声明你想要在实际需要学生的时候加载他们。这被称为惰性加载。
下面是一个例子，学生被明确地标记为急切加载:
@Entity
public class University {
@Id
private String id;
private String name;
private String address;
@OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
private List<Student> students;
// etc.
}
这里有一个例子，学生被明确地标记为惰性加载:
@Entity
public class University {
@Id
private String id;
private String name;
private String address;
@OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private List<Student> students;
// etc.
}
Book.java
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="Books")
public class Books implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="book_id")
private int id;
@Column(name="book_name")
private String name;
@Column(name="author_name")
private String authorName;
@ManyToOne
Subject subject;
public Subject getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(Subject subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthorName() {
return authorName;
}
public void setAuthorName(String authorName) {
this.authorName = authorName;
}
}
Subject.java
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="Subject")
public class Subject implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="subject_id")
private int id;
@Column(name="subject_name")
private String name;
/**
Observe carefully i have mentioned fetchType.EAGER. By default its is fetchType.LAZY for @OneToMany i have mentioned it but not required. Check the Output by changing it to fetchType.EAGER
*/
@OneToMany(mappedBy="subject",cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY,
orphanRemoval=true)
List<Books> listBooks=new ArrayList<Books>();
public List<Books> getListBooks() {
return listBooks;
}
public void setListBooks(List<Books> listBooks) {
this.listBooks = listBooks;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
HibernateUtil.java
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class HibernateUtil {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory ;
static {
Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
configuration.addAnnotatedClass (Com.OneToMany.Books.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass (Com.OneToMany.Subject.class);
configuration.setProperty("connection.driver_class","com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.username", "root");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.password", "root");
configuration.setProperty("dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.connection.pool_size", "10");
configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache", "true");
configuration.setProperty(" hibernate.cache.use_query_cache", "true");
configuration.setProperty(" cache.provider_class", "org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.cache.region.factory_class" ,"org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory");
// configuration
StandardServiceRegistryBuilder builder = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties());
sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(builder.build());
}
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
}
Main.java
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SessionFactory factory=HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
save(factory);
retrieve(factory);
}
private static void retrieve(SessionFactory factory) {
Session session=factory.openSession();
try{
session.getTransaction().begin();
Subject subject=(Subject)session.get(Subject.class, 1);
System.out.println("subject associated collection is loading lazily as @OneToMany is lazy loaded");
Books books=(Books)session.get(Books.class, 1);
System.out.println("books associated collection is loading eagerly as by default @ManyToOne is Eagerly loaded");
/*Books b1=(Books)session.get(Books.class, new Integer(1));
Subject sub=session.get(Subject.class, 1);
sub.getListBooks().remove(b1);
session.save(sub);
session.getTransaction().commit();*/
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
session.close();
}
}
private static void save(SessionFactory factory){
Subject subject=new Subject();
subject.setName("C++");
Books books=new Books();
books.setAuthorName("Bala");
books.setName("C++ Book");
books.setSubject(subject);
subject.getListBooks().add(books);
Session session=factory.openSession();
try{
session.beginTransaction();
session.save(subject);
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
session.close();
}
}
}
检查Main.java的retrieve()方法。当我们获取Subject时，它的集合listBooks(带有@OneToMany注解)将被惰性加载。但是，另一方面，Books与集合主题相关的关联，带有@ManyToOne注释，会快速加载(@ManyToOne的[默认值][1]，fetchType=EAGER)。我们可以通过放置fetchType来改变这种行为。在@OneToMany Subject.java或fetchType上执行EAGER。LAZY on @ManyToOne in Books.java。
Hibernate默认选择Lazy Fetch类型，除非显式地标记Eager Fetch类型。为了更准确和简洁，差异可以表述如下。
FetchType。LAZY =它不会加载关系，除非你通过getter方法调用它。
FetchType。EAGER =加载所有的关系。
这两种取回类型的优缺点。
延迟初始化通过避免不必要的计算和减少内存需求来提高性能。
主动初始化占用内存较多，处理速度较慢。
话虽如此，这两个初始化中的任何一个都可以使用，这取决于具体情况。
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