我有一个对象x。我想将其复制为对象y,这样对y的更改不会修改x。我意识到复制从内置JavaScript对象派生的对象会导致额外的、不需要的财产。这不是问题,因为我正在复制我自己的一个文字构造对象。

如何正确克隆JavaScript对象?


当前回答

使用jQuery,可以使用extend进行浅层复制:

var copiedObject = jQuery.extend({}, originalObject)

对copiedObject的后续更改不会影响originalObject,反之亦然。

或制作深度副本:

var copiedObject = jQuery.extend(true, {}, originalObject)

其他回答

Jan Turo的上述答案非常接近,由于兼容性问题,可能是在浏览器中使用的最佳选择,但这可能会导致一些奇怪的枚举问题。例如,执行:

for ( var i in someArray ) { ... }

在遍历数组元素后,将clone()方法赋给i。下面是一个避免枚举并适用于node.js的改编:

Object.defineProperty( Object.prototype, "clone", {
    value: function() {
        if ( this.cloneNode )
        {
            return this.cloneNode( true );
        }

        var copy = this instanceof Array ? [] : {};
        for( var attr in this )
        {
            if ( typeof this[ attr ] == "function" || this[ attr ] == null || !this[ attr ].clone )
            {
                copy[ attr ] = this[ attr ];
            }
            else if ( this[ attr ] == this )
            {
                copy[ attr ] = copy;
            }
            else
            {
                copy[ attr ] = this[ attr ].clone();
            }
        }
        return copy;
    }
});

Object.defineProperty( Date.prototype, "clone", {
    value: function() {
        var copy = new Date();
        copy.setTime( this.getTime() );
        return copy;
    }
});

Object.defineProperty( Number.prototype, "clone", { value: function() { return this; } } );
Object.defineProperty( Boolean.prototype, "clone", { value: function() { return this; } } );
Object.defineProperty( String.prototype, "clone", { value: function() { return this; } } );

这避免了使clone()方法可枚举,因为defineProperty()默认为false。

本机JS:

const shallowClone = {...originalObj};
const deepClone = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(originalObj));

使用库:

// Lodash
const shallowClone = _.clone(originalObj);
const deepClone = _. cloneDeep(originalObj);

// JQuery
const shallowClone = jQuery.extend({}, originalObj);
const deepClone = jQuery.extend(true, {}, originalObj);

// Angular
const deepClone = angular.copy(originalObj);

根据Apple JavaScript编码指南:

// Create an inner object with a variable x whose default
// value is 3.
function innerObj()
{
        this.x = 3;
}
innerObj.prototype.clone = function() {
    var temp = new innerObj();
    for (myvar in this) {
        // this object does not contain any objects, so
        // use the lightweight copy code.
        temp[myvar] = this[myvar];
    }
    return temp;
}

// Create an outer object with a variable y whose default
// value is 77.
function outerObj()
{
        // The outer object contains an inner object.  Allocate it here.
        this.inner = new innerObj();
        this.y = 77;
}
outerObj.prototype.clone = function() {
    var temp = new outerObj();
    for (myvar in this) {
        if (this[myvar].clone) {
            // This variable contains an object with a
            // clone operator.  Call it to create a copy.
            temp[myvar] = this[myvar].clone();
        } else {
            // This variable contains a scalar value,
            // a string value, or an object with no
            // clone function.  Assign it directly.
            temp[myvar] = this[myvar];
        }
    }
    return temp;
}

// Allocate an outer object and assign non-default values to variables in
// both the outer and inner objects.
outer = new outerObj;
outer.inner.x = 4;
outer.y = 16;

// Clone the outer object (which, in turn, clones the inner object).
newouter = outer.clone();

// Verify that both values were copied.
alert('inner x is '+newouter.inner.x); // prints 4
alert('y is '+newouter.y); // prints 16

史蒂夫

function clone(obj)
{
    var cloneObj = Object.create(obj);

    return cloneObj;
}

在Javascript中,对象单独继承另一个对象(原型继承)。create(obj)返回一个对象,该对象是obj的子对象或子对象。在上面的函数中,它将有效地返回该对象的副本。

然而,这是一种非常奇怪的克隆方式,因为我没有将继承用于其真正目的。

如果你对一个浅拷贝没有问题,underscore.js库有一个克隆方法。

y = _.clone(x);

或者你可以像

copiedObject = _.extend({},originalObject);