我有一个对象x。我想将其复制为对象y,这样对y的更改不会修改x。我意识到复制从内置JavaScript对象派生的对象会导致额外的、不需要的财产。这不是问题,因为我正在复制我自己的一个文字构造对象。

如何正确克隆JavaScript对象?


当前回答

function clone(obj)
{
    var cloneObj = Object.create(obj);

    return cloneObj;
}

在Javascript中,对象单独继承另一个对象(原型继承)。create(obj)返回一个对象,该对象是obj的子对象或子对象。在上面的函数中,它将有效地返回该对象的副本。

然而,这是一种非常奇怪的克隆方式,因为我没有将继承用于其真正目的。

其他回答

根据MDN:

如果要浅层复制,请使用Object.assign({},a)对于“深度”复制,请使用JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(a))

不需要外部库,但您需要首先检查浏览器兼容性。

(以下内容主要是@Maciej Bukowski、@A.Levy、@Jan Turoğ、@Redu的回答,以及@LeviRoberts、@RobG的评论的整合,非常感谢他们!!!)

深度复制?-对!(大部分);浅拷贝?-不!(代理除外)。

我真诚欢迎大家来测试clone()。此外,defineProp()设计用于轻松快速地(重新)定义或复制任何类型的描述符。

作用

function clone(object) {
  /*
    Deep copy objects by value rather than by reference,
    exception: `Proxy`
  */

  const seen = new WeakMap()

  return clone(object)


  function clone(object) {
    if (object !== Object(object)) return object /*
    —— Check if the object belongs to a primitive data type */

    if (object instanceof Node) return object.cloneNode(true) /*
    —— Clone DOM trees */

    let _object // The clone of object

    switch (object.constructor) {
      case Array:
      case Object:
        _object = cloneObject(object)
        break

      case Date:
        _object = new Date(+object)
        break

      case Function:
        _object = copyFn(object)
        break

      case RegExp:
        _object = new RegExp(object)
        break

      default:
        switch (Object.prototype.toString.call(object.constructor)) {
          //                                  // Stem from:
          case "[object Function]":
            switch (object[Symbol.toStringTag]) {
              case undefined:
                _object = cloneObject(object) // `class`
                break

              case "AsyncFunction":
              case "GeneratorFunction":
              case "AsyncGeneratorFunction":
                _object = copyFn(object)
                break

              default:
                _object = object
            }
            break

          case "[object Undefined]":          // `Object.create(null)`
            _object = cloneObject(object)
            break

          default:
            _object = object                  // `Proxy`
        }
    }

    return _object
  }


  function cloneObject(object) {
    if (seen.has(object)) return seen.get(object) /*
    —— Handle recursive references (circular structures) */

    const _object = Array.isArray(object)
      ? []
      : Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(object)) /*
        —— Assign [[Prototype]] for inheritance */

    seen.set(object, _object) /*
    —— Make `_object` the associative mirror of `object` */

    Reflect.ownKeys(object).forEach(key =>
      defineProp(_object, key, { value: clone(object[key]) }, object)
    )

    return _object
  }
}


function copyPropDescs(target, source) {
  Object.defineProperties(target,
    Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source)
  )
}


function convertFnToStr(fn) {
  let fnStr = String(fn)
  if (fn.name.startsWith("[")) // isSymbolKey
    fnStr = fnStr.replace(/\[Symbol\..+?\]/, '')
  fnStr = /^(?!(async )?(function\b|[^{]+?=>))[^(]+?\(/.test(fnStr)
    ? fnStr.replace(/^(async )?(\*)?/, "$1function$2 ") : fnStr
  return fnStr
}

function copyFn(fn) {
  const newFn = new Function(`return ${convertFnToStr(fn)}`)()
  copyPropDescs(newFn, fn)
  return newFn
}



function defineProp(object, key, descriptor = {}, copyFrom = {}) {
  const { configurable: _configurable, writable: _writable }
    = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, key)
    || { configurable: true, writable: true }

  const test = _configurable // Can redefine property
    && (_writable === undefined || _writable) // Can assign to property

  if (!test || arguments.length <= 2) return test

  const basisDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(copyFrom, key)
    || { configurable: true, writable: true } // Custom…
    || {}; // …or left to native default settings

  ["get", "set", "value", "writable", "enumerable", "configurable"]
    .forEach(attr =>
      descriptor[attr] === undefined &&
      (descriptor[attr] = basisDesc[attr])
    )

  const { get, set, value, writable, enumerable, configurable }
    = descriptor

  return Object.defineProperty(object, key, {
    enumerable, configurable, ...get || set
      ? { get, set } // Accessor descriptor
      : { value, writable } // Data descriptor
  })
}

//测试

const obj0 = {
  u: undefined,
  nul: null,
  t: true,
  num: 9,
  str: "",
  sym: Symbol("symbol"),
  [Symbol("e")]: Math.E,
  arr: [[0], [1, 2]],
  d: new Date(),
  re: /f/g,
  get g() { return 0 },
  o: {
    n: 0,
    o: { f: function (...args) { } }
  },
  f: {
    getAccessorStr(object) {
      return []
        .concat(...
          Object.values(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(object))
            .filter(desc => desc.writable === undefined)
            .map(desc => Object.values(desc))
        )
        .filter(prop => typeof prop === "function")
        .map(String)
    },
    f0: function f0() { },
    f1: function () { },
    f2: a => a / (a + 1),
    f3: () => 0,
    f4(params) { return param => param + params },
    f5: (a, b) => ({ c = 0 } = {}) => a + b + c
  }
}

defineProp(obj0, "s", { set(v) { this._s = v } })
defineProp(obj0.arr, "tint", { value: { is: "non-enumerable" } })
obj0.arr[0].name = "nested array"


let obj1 = clone(obj0)
obj1.o.n = 1
obj1.o.o.g = function g(a = 0, b = 0) { return a + b }
obj1.arr[1][1] = 3
obj1.d.setTime(+obj0.d + 60 * 1000)
obj1.arr.tint.is = "enumerable? no"
obj1.arr[0].name = "a nested arr"
defineProp(obj1, "s", { set(v) { this._s = v + 1 } })
defineProp(obj1.re, "multiline", { value: true })

console.log("\n\n" + "-".repeat(2 ** 6))




console.log(">:>: Test - Routinely")

console.log("obj0:\n ", JSON.stringify(obj0))
console.log("obj1:\n ", JSON.stringify(obj1))
console.log()

console.log("obj0:\n ", obj0)
console.log("obj1:\n ", obj1)
console.log()

console.log("obj0\n ",
  ".arr.tint:", obj0.arr.tint, "\n ",
  ".arr[0].name:", obj0.arr[0].name
)
console.log("obj1\n ",
  ".arr.tint:", obj1.arr.tint, "\n ",
  ".arr[0].name:", obj1.arr[0].name
)
console.log()

console.log("Accessor-type descriptor\n ",
  "of obj0:", obj0.f.getAccessorStr(obj0), "\n ",
  "of obj1:", obj1.f.getAccessorStr(obj1), "\n ",
  "set (obj0 & obj1) .s :", obj0.s = obj1.s = 0, "\n ",
  "  → (obj0 , obj1) ._s:", obj0._s, ",", obj1._s
)

console.log("—— obj0 has not been interfered.")

console.log("\n\n" + "-".repeat(2 ** 6))




console.log(">:>: Test - More kinds of functions")

const fnsForTest = {
  f(_) { return _ },
  func: _ => _,
  aFunc: async _ => _,
  async function() { },
  async asyncFunc() { },
  aFn: async function () { },
  *gen() { },
  async *asyncGen() { },
  aG1: async function* () { },
  aG2: async function* gen() { },
  *[Symbol.iterator]() { yield* Object.keys(this) }
}

console.log(Reflect.ownKeys(fnsForTest).map(k =>
  `${String(k)}:
  ${fnsForTest[k].name}-->
    ${String(fnsForTest[k])}`
).join("\n"))

const normedFnsStr = `{
  f: function f(_) { return _ },
  func: _ => _,
  aFunc: async _ => _,
  function: async function() { },
  asyncFunc: async function asyncFunc() { },
  aFn: async function () { },
  gen: function* gen() { },
  asyncGen: async function* asyncGen() { },
  aG1: async function* () { },
  aG2: async function* gen() { },
  [Symbol.iterator]: function* () { yield* Object.keys(this) }
}`

const copiedFnsForTest = clone(fnsForTest)
console.log("fnsForTest:", fnsForTest)
console.log("fnsForTest (copied):", copiedFnsForTest)
console.log("fnsForTest (normed str):", eval(`(${normedFnsStr})`))
console.log("Comparison of fnsForTest and its clone:",
  Reflect.ownKeys(fnsForTest).map(k =>
    [k, fnsForTest[k] === copiedFnsForTest[k]]
  )
)

console.log("\n\n" + "-".repeat(2 ** 6))




console.log(">:>: Test - Circular structures")

obj0.o.r = {}
obj0.o.r.recursion = obj0.o
obj0.arr[1] = obj0.arr

obj1 = clone(obj0)
console.log("obj0:\n ", obj0)
console.log("obj1:\n ", obj1)

console.log("Clear obj0's recursion:",
  obj0.o.r.recursion = null, obj0.arr[1] = 1
)
console.log(
  "obj0\n ",
  ".o.r:", obj0.o.r, "\n ",
  ".arr:", obj0.arr
)
console.log(
  "obj1\n ",
  ".o.r:", obj1.o.r, "\n ",
  ".arr:", obj1.arr
)
console.log("—— obj1 has not been interfered.")


console.log("\n\n" + "-".repeat(2 ** 6))




console.log(">:>: Test - Classes")

class Person {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name
  }
}

class Boy extends Person { }
Boy.prototype.sex = "M"

const boy0 = new Boy
boy0.hobby = { sport: "spaceflight" }

const boy1 = clone(boy0)
boy1.hobby.sport = "superluminal flight"

boy0.name = "one"
boy1.name = "neo"

console.log("boy0:\n ", boy0)
console.log("boy1:\n ", boy1)
console.log("boy1's prototype === boy0's:",
  Object.getPrototypeOf(boy1) === Object.getPrototypeOf(boy0)
)

工具书类

Object.create()| MDN对象.defineProperties()| MDN财产的可枚举性和所有权| MDNTypeError:循环对象值|MDN

使用的语言技巧

有条件地将道具添加到对象

老问题的新答案!如果您有幸将ECMAScript 2016(ES6)与Spread Syntax一起使用,这很简单。

keepMeTheSame = {first: "Me!", second: "You!"};
cloned = {...keepMeTheSame}

这为对象的浅层副本提供了一种干净的方法。创建一个深度副本,意味着为每个递归嵌套对象中的每个值创建一个新副本,这需要使用上面更重的解决方案。

JavaScript不断发展。

互联网上的大多数解决方案都存在几个问题。所以我决定做一个跟进,包括为什么不应该接受接受的答案。

启动情况

我想深度复制一个Javascript对象及其所有子对象和它们的子对象等等。但由于我不是一个普通的开发人员,我的对象具有普通的财产、循环结构甚至嵌套对象。

因此,让我们先创建一个圆形结构和一个嵌套对象。

function Circ() {
    this.me = this;
}

function Nested(y) {
    this.y = y;
}

让我们把所有的东西放在一个名为a的对象中。

var a = {
    x: 'a',
    circ: new Circ(),
    nested: new Nested('a')
};

接下来,我们要将a复制到名为b的变量中,并对其进行变异。

var b = a;

b.x = 'b';
b.nested.y = 'b';

你知道这里发生了什么,因为如果不是这样,你甚至不会回答这个伟大的问题。

console.log(a, b);

a --> Object {
    x: "b",
    circ: Circ {
        me: Circ { ... }
    },
    nested: Nested {
        y: "b"
    }
}

b --> Object {
    x: "b",
    circ: Circ {
        me: Circ { ... }
    },
    nested: Nested {
        y: "b"
    }
}

现在让我们找到一个解决方案。

JSON

我第一次尝试是使用JSON。

var b = JSON.parse( JSON.stringify( a ) );

b.x = 'b';
b.nested.y = 'b';

不要在上面浪费太多时间,你会得到TypeError:将循环结构转换为JSON。

递归副本(接受的“答案”)

让我们来看看公认的答案。

function cloneSO(obj) {
    // Handle the 3 simple types, and null or undefined
    if (null == obj || "object" != typeof obj) return obj;

    // Handle Date
    if (obj instanceof Date) {
        var copy = new Date();
        copy.setTime(obj.getTime());
        return copy;
    }

    // Handle Array
    if (obj instanceof Array) {
        var copy = [];
        for (var i = 0, len = obj.length; i < len; i++) {
            copy[i] = cloneSO(obj[i]);
        }
        return copy;
    }

    // Handle Object
    if (obj instanceof Object) {
        var copy = {};
        for (var attr in obj) {
            if (obj.hasOwnProperty(attr)) copy[attr] = cloneSO(obj[attr]);
        }
        return copy;
    }

    throw new Error("Unable to copy obj! Its type isn't supported.");
}

看起来不错,呵呵?它是对象的递归副本,也处理其他类型,如Date,但这不是必需的。

var b = cloneSO(a);

b.x = 'b';
b.nested.y = 'b';

递归和循环结构不能很好地一起工作。。。RangeError:超出了最大调用堆栈大小

本地解决方案

在与同事争吵后,老板问我们发生了什么事,他在谷歌搜索后找到了一个简单的解决方案。它叫做Object.create。

var b = Object.create(a);

b.x = 'b';
b.nested.y = 'b';

这个解决方案不久前被添加到Javascript中,甚至可以处理循环结构。

console.log(a, b);

a --> Object {
    x: "a",
    circ: Circ {
        me: Circ { ... }
    },
    nested: Nested {
        y: "b"
    }
}

b --> Object {
    x: "b",
    circ: Circ {
        me: Circ { ... }
    },
    nested: Nested {
        y: "b"
    }
}

…你看,它不适用于内部的嵌套结构。

本地解决方案的polyfill

在旧浏览器中有一个用于Object.create的polyfill,就像IE 8一样。它有点像Mozilla推荐的,当然,它不是完美的,并且会导致与本机解决方案相同的问题。

function F() {};
function clonePF(o) {
    F.prototype = o;
    return new F();
}

var b = clonePF(a);

b.x = 'b';
b.nested.y = 'b';

我把F放在了范围之外,这样我们可以看看instanceof告诉我们什么。

console.log(a, b);

a --> Object {
    x: "a",
    circ: Circ {
        me: Circ { ... }
    },
    nested: Nested {
        y: "b"
    }
}

b --> F {
    x: "b",
    circ: Circ {
        me: Circ { ... }
    },
    nested: Nested {
        y: "b"
    }
}

console.log(typeof a, typeof b);

a --> object
b --> object

console.log(a instanceof Object, b instanceof Object);

a --> true
b --> true

console.log(a instanceof F, b instanceof F);

a --> false
b --> true

问题与本机解决方案相同,但输出稍差。

更好(但不是完美)的解决方案

当我仔细研究时,我发现了一个与这个问题类似的问题(在Javascript中,当执行深度复制时,我如何避免循环,因为属性是“this”?),但有一个更好的解决方案。

function cloneDR(o) {
    const gdcc = "__getDeepCircularCopy__";
    if (o !== Object(o)) {
        return o; // primitive value
    }

    var set = gdcc in o,
        cache = o[gdcc],
        result;
    if (set && typeof cache == "function") {
        return cache();
    }
    // else
    o[gdcc] = function() { return result; }; // overwrite
    if (o instanceof Array) {
        result = [];
        for (var i=0; i<o.length; i++) {
            result[i] = cloneDR(o[i]);
        }
    } else {
        result = {};
        for (var prop in o)
            if (prop != gdcc)
                result[prop] = cloneDR(o[prop]);
            else if (set)
                result[prop] = cloneDR(cache);
    }
    if (set) {
        o[gdcc] = cache; // reset
    } else {
        delete o[gdcc]; // unset again
    }
    return result;
}

var b = cloneDR(a);

b.x = 'b';
b.nested.y = 'b';

让我们看看输出。。。

console.log(a, b);

a --> Object {
    x: "a",
    circ: Object {
        me: Object { ... }
    },
    nested: Object {
        y: "a"
    }
}

b --> Object {
    x: "b",
    circ: Object {
        me: Object { ... }
    },
    nested: Object {
        y: "b"
    }
}

console.log(typeof a, typeof b);

a --> object
b --> object

console.log(a instanceof Object, b instanceof Object);

a --> true
b --> true

console.log(a instanceof F, b instanceof F);

a --> false
b --> false

需求是匹配的,但仍有一些较小的问题,包括将nested和circ的实例更改为Object。

共享一片叶子的树的结构不会被复制,它们将变成两片独立的叶子:

        [Object]                     [Object]
         /    \                       /    \
        /      \                     /      \
      |/_      _\|                 |/_      _\|  
  [Object]    [Object]   ===>  [Object]    [Object]
       \        /                 |           |
        \      /                  |           |
        _\|  |/_                 \|/         \|/
        [Object]               [Object]    [Object]

结论

最后一个使用递归和缓存的解决方案可能不是最好的,但它是对象的真正深度副本。它处理简单的财产、循环结构和嵌套对象,但在克隆时会弄乱它们的实例。

小提琴演奏家

本机JS:

const shallowClone = {...originalObj};
const deepClone = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(originalObj));

使用库:

// Lodash
const shallowClone = _.clone(originalObj);
const deepClone = _. cloneDeep(originalObj);

// JQuery
const shallowClone = jQuery.extend({}, originalObj);
const deepClone = jQuery.extend(true, {}, originalObj);

// Angular
const deepClone = angular.copy(originalObj);