脚本语言是编程语言的一个子集。

脚本语言不会被用户编译成机器码(python、perl、shell等)。相反，另一个程序(称为解释器，运行程序并模拟其行为) 一些不是脚本的编程语言(C、c++、Haskell和其他“编译”语言)被编译成机器代码，然后运行。

这些差异正变得越来越不重要。传统上，脚本语言扩展了现有的程序……我认为这就是“脚本”的主要定义，它指的是为现有实体编写一组执行指令。然而，脚本语言起源于专有的和口语化的语法，现在流行的大多数脚本语言都与C有某种关系。

I think the "interpreted vs compiled" distinction is really a symptom of extending an existing program (with a built in interpreter), rather than an intrinsic difference. What programmers and laymen are more concerned about is, "what is the programmer doing?" The fact that one program is interpreted and another is compiled means very little in determining the difference in activity by the creator. You don't judge a playwright on whether his plays are more commonly read aloud or performed on stage, do you?

除了脚本语言是解释性的，而编程语言是编译性的，还有一个不同之处，如下所示，我想这一点已经被忽略了。

脚本语言是一种编程语言，用于操作、定制和自动化现有系统的设施。在这样的系统中，通过用户界面已经可以获得有用的功能，而脚本语言是一种将该功能暴露给程序控制的机制。

而编程语言通常用于从头开始编写系统代码。

src ECMA

编程语言: 编译为机器码并在底层操作系统的硬件上运行。

脚本语言: 是编程语言的非结构子集。这是一般的解释。 它基本上是“脚本”其他事情来做事情。主要的重点不是构建你自己的应用程序，而是让现有的应用程序以你想要的方式运行，例如浏览器的JavaScript, TCL等。

***但也有编程语言被转换为解释器的情况，反之亦然，比如使用C解释器，你可以使用C脚本。 脚本通常用于控制应用程序的行为，而编程语言则用于构建应用程序。 但要注意的是，这种界限正在日益模糊——作为Python的一个例子，它取决于你如何使用这种语言。

在世界还很年轻的时候，在PC世界中，你可以从。exe或。bat中选择，描述很简单。Unix系统一直都有shell脚本(/bin/sh， /bin/csh， /bin/ksh等)和编译语言(C/ c++ /Fortran)。

To differentiate roles and responsibilities, the compiled languages (often referred to as 3rd Generation Languages) were seen a 'programming' languages and 'scripting' languages were seen as those that invoked an interpreter (often referred to as 4th Generation Languages). Scripting languages were often used as 'glue' to connect between multiple commands/compiled programs so that the user didn't have to worry about a set of steps in order to carry out their task - they developed a single file, that delineated what steps they wanted to accomplish, and this became a 'script' for anyone to follow.

Various people/groups wrote new interpreters to solve a specific problem domain. awk is one of the better-known ones, and it was used mostly for pattern matching and applying a series of data transforms on input. It worked well, but had a limited problem domain. The expansion of that domain was all but impossible because the source code was unavailable. Perl (Larry Wall, principle author/architect) tool scripting to the next level - and developed an interpreter that not only allowed the user to run system commands, manipulate input and output data, supported typeless variables, but also to access Unix system level APIs as functions from within the scripts themselves. It was probably one of the first widely used high-level scripting languages. It is with Perl (IMHO) that scripting languages crossed the arbitrary line and added the capabilities of programming languages.

你的问题是关于Python的。因为python解释器是针对包含python代码的文本文件运行的，而且python代码可以在任何有python解释器的地方运行，所以我认为它是一种脚本语言(与Perl相同)。您不需要为每个不同的OS/CPU架构重新编译用户python命令文件(就像使用C/ c++ /Fortran一样)，这使得它更易于移植和使用。

这个答案要归功于杰罗德·海曼(Jerrold Heyman)。 原帖:https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_Python_a_Programming_language_or_Scripting_Language

如果我们从逻辑上看编程语言和脚本语言，这是99.09%相同的。因为我们使用相同的概念，如循环、控制条件、变量等等，所以我们可以说两者都是相同的，但它们之间只有一件事是不同的，那就是在C/ c++和其他编程语言中，我们在执行前编译代码。但在PHP, JavaScript和其他脚本语言中，我们不需要编译，我们直接在浏览器中执行。

谢谢 Nitish K. Jha