来自Perl,我肯定错过了在源代码中创建多行字符串的“here-document”方法:
$string = <<"EOF" # create a three-line string
text
text
text
EOF
在Java中,当我从头开始连接多行字符串时,我必须在每一行上使用繁琐的引号和加号。
有什么更好的选择吗?在属性文件中定义我的字符串?
编辑:有两个答案说StringBuilder.append()比加号更可取。谁能详细解释一下他们为什么这么想?在我看来,这一点也不可取。我正在寻找一种方法来解决多行字符串不是一级语言结构这一事实,这意味着我绝对不想用方法调用取代一级语言结构(字符串连接与加号)。
编辑:为了进一步澄清我的问题,我根本不关心性能。我关心的是可维护性和设计问题。
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
String multiline = StringUtils.join(new String[] {
"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times ",
"it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness",
"it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity",
"it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness",
"it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair",
"we had everything before us, we had nothing before us",
}, "\n");
这是你不应该在不考虑它在做什么的情况下使用的东西。但对于一次性脚本,我已经成功地使用了这个方法:
例子:
System.out.println(S(/*
This is a CRAZY " ' ' " multiline string with all sorts of strange
characters!
*/));
代码:
// From: http://blog.efftinge.de/2008/10/multi-line-string-literals-in-java.html
// Takes a comment (/**/) and turns everything inside the comment to a string that is returned from S()
public static String S() {
StackTraceElement element = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace()[1];
String name = element.getClassName().replace('.', '/') + ".java";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line = null;
InputStream in = classLoader.getResourceAsStream(name);
String s = convertStreamToString(in, element.getLineNumber());
return s.substring(s.indexOf("/*")+2, s.indexOf("*/"));
}
// From http://www.kodejava.org/examples/266.html
private static String convertStreamToString(InputStream is, int lineNum) {
/*
* To convert the InputStream to String we use the BufferedReader.readLine()
* method. We iterate until the BufferedReader return null which means
* there's no more data to read. Each line will appended to a StringBuilder
* and returned as String.
*/
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line = null; int i = 1;
try {
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
if (i++ >= lineNum) {
sb.append(line + "\n");
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
这是一个老线程,但是一个新的非常优雅的解决方案(只有4个或3个小缺点)是使用自定义注释。
查询:http://www.adrianwalker.org/2011/12/java-multiline-string.html
受此启发的一个项目托管在GitHub上:
https://github.com/benelog/multiline
Java代码示例:
import org.adrianwalker.multilinestring.Multiline;
...
public final class MultilineStringUsage {
/**
<html>
<head/>
<body>
<p>
Hello<br/>
Multiline<br/>
World<br/>
</p>
</body>
</html>
*/
@Multiline
private static String html;
public static void main(final String[] args) {
System.out.println(html);
}
}
缺点是
您必须激活相应的(提供的)注释
处理器。
该字符串变量不能定义为局部变量检查原始字符串字面量项目,其中您可以将变量定义为局部变量
字符串不能像在Visual Basic .Net中那样包含其他变量
使用XML文本(<%=变量%>):-)
字符串文字由JavaDoc注释(/**)分隔
而且您可能必须配置Eclipse/Intellij-Idea,使其不会自动重新格式化Javadoc注释。
有人可能会觉得这很奇怪(Javadoc注释并不是为嵌入注释以外的任何内容而设计的),但由于Java中缺少多行字符串确实令人讨厌,因此我认为这是最不糟糕的解决方案。
当使用一长串的+时,只会创建一个StringBuilder,除非在编译时确定String,在这种情况下不使用StringBuilder !
StringBuilder唯一更高效的情况是使用多个语句构造String。
String a = "a\n";
String b = "b\n";
String c = "c\n";
String d = "d\n";
String abcd = a + b + c + d;
System.out.println(abcd);
String abcd2 = "a\n" +
"b\n" +
"c\n" +
"d\n";
System.out.println(abcd2);
注意:只创建了一个StringBuilder。
Code:
0: ldc #2; //String a\n
2: astore_1
3: ldc #3; //String b\n
5: astore_2
6: ldc #4; //String c\n
8: astore_3
9: ldc #5; //String d\n
11: astore 4
13: new #6; //class java/lang/StringBuilder
16: dup
17: invokespecial #7; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
20: aload_1
21: invokevirtual #8; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
24: aload_2
25: invokevirtual #8; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
28: aload_3
29: invokevirtual #8; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
32: aload 4
34: invokevirtual #8; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
37: invokevirtual #9; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
40: astore 5
42: getstatic #10; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
45: aload 5
47: invokevirtual #11; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
50: ldc #12; //String a\nb\nc\nd\n
52: astore 6
54: getstatic #10; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
57: aload 6
59: invokevirtual #11; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
62: return
为了进一步澄清我的问题,我根本不关心性能。我关心的是可维护性和设计问题。
尽你所能让它清晰简单。