我试图创建一个通用扩展,使用'TryParse'来检查字符串是否为给定类型:

public static bool Is<T>(this string input)
{
    T notUsed;
    return T.TryParse(input, out notUsed);
}

这将无法编译,因为它无法解析符号TryParse

据我所知,“TryParse”不是任何接口的一部分。

这有可能吗?

更新:

使用以下我想出的答案:

public static bool Is<T>(this string input)
{
    try
    {
        TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(T)).ConvertFromString(input);
    }
    catch
    {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

它工作得很好,但我认为以这种方式使用异常对我来说不合适。

更新2:

修改为传递类型而不是使用泛型:

public static bool Is(this string input, Type targetType)
{
    try
    {
        TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(targetType).ConvertFromString(input);
        return true;
    }
    catch
    {
        return false;
    }
}

当前回答

我使用Charlie Brown的答案作为Json.NET的JObject扩展方法。

public static class JObjectExtension
{
    public delegate bool TryParseHandler<T>(string value, out T result);

    public static bool TryParsePropertyAs<T>(
        this JObject jObject,
        string propertyName,
        TryParseHandler<T> parser,
        out T value)
    {
        value = default;

        if (!jObject.TryGetValue(propertyName, out var jToken)) return false;

        if (!parser(jToken.Value<string>(), out T result)) return false;

        value = result;

        return true;
    }
}

其他回答

借用自http://blogs.msdn.com/b/davidebb/archive/2009/10/23/using-c-dynamic-to-call-static-members.aspx

当遵循这个参考:如何调用静态方法在c# 4.0与动态类型?

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Dynamic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;

namespace Utils
{
   public class StaticMembersDynamicWrapper : DynamicObject
   {
      private Type _type;

      public StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(Type type) { _type = type; }

      // Handle static methods
      public override bool TryInvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder binder, object[] args, out object result)
      {
         var methods = _type
            .GetMethods(BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public)
            .Where(methodInfo => methodInfo.Name == binder.Name);

         var method = methods.FirstOrDefault();
         if (method != null)
         {
            result = method.Invoke(null, args);
            return true;
         }

         result = null;
         return false;
      }
   }

   public static class StaticMembersDynamicWrapperExtensions
   {
      static Dictionary<Type, DynamicObject> cache =
         new Dictionary<Type, DynamicObject>
         {
            {typeof(double), new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(typeof(double))},
            {typeof(float), new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(typeof(float))},
            {typeof(uint), new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(typeof(uint))},
            {typeof(int), new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(typeof(int))},
            {typeof(sbyte), new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(typeof(sbyte))}
         };

      /// <summary>
      /// Allows access to static fields, properties, and methods, resolved at run-time.
      /// </summary>
      public static dynamic StaticMembers(this Type type)
      {
         DynamicObject retVal;
         if (!cache.TryGetValue(type, out retVal))
            return new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(type);

         return retVal;
      }
   }
}

使用方法如下:

  public static T? ParseNumeric<T>(this string str, bool throws = true)
     where T : struct
  {
     var statics = typeof(T).StaticMembers();

     if (throws) return statics.Parse(str);

     T retval;
     if (!statics.TryParse(str, out retval)) return null;

     return retval;
  }

正如你所说,TryParse不是接口的一部分。它也不是任何给定基类的成员,因为它实际上是静态的,而静态函数不能是虚函数。编译器没有办法保证T确实有一个叫TryParse的成员,所以这行不通。

正如@Mark所说,您可以创建自己的接口并使用自定义类型,但对于内置类型就不太走运了。

我把一堆想法放在一起,最终得到了一个非常简短的解决方案。

这是一个字符串的扩展方法

enter code here

我在数值类型上使用与TryParse方法相同的足迹

    /// <summary>
    /// string.TryParse()
    /// 
    /// This generic extension method will take a string
    ///     make sure it is not null or empty
    ///     make sure it represents some type of number e.g. "123" not "abc"
    ///     It then calls the appropriate converter for the type of T
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of the desired retrunValue e.g. int, float, byte, decimal...</typeparam>
    /// <param name="targetText">The text to be converted</param>
    /// <param name="returnValue">a populated value of the type T or the default(T) value which is likely to be 0</param>
    /// <returns>true if the string was successfully parsed and converted otherwise false</returns>
    /// <example>
    /// float testValue = 0;
    ///  if ( "1234".TryParse<float>( out testValue ) )
    ///  {
    ///      doSomethingGood();
    ///  }
    ///  else
    ///  {
    ///      handleTheBadness();
    ///  }
    /// </example>
    public static bool TryParse<T>(this string targetText, out T returnValue )
    {
        bool returnStatus = false;

        returnValue = default(T);

        //
        // make sure the string is not null or empty and likely a number...
        // call whatever you like here or just leave it out - I would
        // at least make sure the string was not null or empty  
        //
        if ( ValidatedInputAnyWayYouLike(targetText) )
        {

            //
            // try to catch anything that blows up in the conversion process...
            //
            try
            {
                var type = typeof(T);
                var converter = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(type);

                if (converter != null && converter.IsValid(targetText))
                {
                    returnValue = (T)converter.ConvertFromString(targetText);
                    returnStatus = true;
                }

            }
            catch
            {
                // just swallow the exception and return the default values for failure
            }

        }

        return (returnStatus);

    }

'''

利用上面的信息,这就是我开发的东西。它将直接转换对象是可能的,否则它将把对象转换为字符串并调用所需对象类型的TryParse方法。

我将每个方法都缓存在字典中,以减少方法获取负载。

可以测试对象是否可以直接转换为目标类型,这将进一步减少字符串转换部分。但我先不讲这个。

    /// <summary>
    /// Used to store TryParse converter methods
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly Dictionary<Type, MethodInfo> TypeConverters = new Dictionary<Type, MethodInfo>();

    /// <summary>
    /// Attempt to parse the input object to the output type
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">output type</typeparam>
    /// <param name="obj">input object</param>
    /// <param name="result">output result on success, default(T) on failure</param>
    /// <returns>Success</returns>
    public static bool TryParse<T>([CanBeNull] object obj, out T result)
    {
        result = default(T);

        try
        {
            switch (obj)
            {
                // don't waste time on null objects
                case null: return false;

                // if the object is already of type T, just return the value
                case T val:
                    result = val;
                    return true;
            }

            // convert the object into type T via string conversion
            var input = ((obj as string) ?? obj.ToString()).Trim();
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(input)) return false;

            var type = typeof (T);
            Debug.WriteLine($"Info: {nameof(TryParse)}<{type.Name}>({obj.GetType().Name}=\"{input}\")");

            if (! TypeConverters.TryGetValue(type, out var method))
            {
                // get the TryParse method for this type
                method = type.GetMethod("TryParse",
                    new[]
                    {
                        typeof (string),
                        Type.GetType($"{type.FullName}&")
                    });

                if (method is null)
                    Debug.WriteLine($"FAILED: Cannot get method for {type.Name}.TryParse()");

                // store it so we don't have to do this again
                TypeConverters.Add(type, method);
            }

            // have to keep a reference to parameters if you want to get the returned ref value
            var parameters = new object[] {input, null};
            if ((bool?) method?.Invoke(null, parameters) == true)
            {
                result = (T) parameters[1];
                return true;
            }                
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine(ex);
        }

        return false;
    }

我最近还需要一个通用的TryParse。这是我想到的;

public static T? TryParse<T>(string value, TryParseHandler<T> handler) where T : struct
{
    if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
        return null;
    T result;
    if (handler(value, out result))
        return result;
    Trace.TraceWarning("Invalid value '{0}'", value);
    return null;
}

public delegate bool TryParseHandler<T>(string value, out T result);

那么这就是一个简单的调用问题:

var value = TryParse<int>("123", int.TryParse);
var value2 = TryParse<decimal>("123.123", decimal.TryParse);