我最近还需要一个通用的TryParse。这是我想到的;

public static T? TryParse<T>(string value, TryParseHandler<T> handler) where T : struct
{
    if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
        return null;
    T result;
    if (handler(value, out result))
        return result;
    Trace.TraceWarning("Invalid value '{0}'", value);
    return null;
}

public delegate bool TryParseHandler<T>(string value, out T result);

那么这就是一个简单的调用问题:

var value = TryParse<int>("123", int.TryParse);
var value2 = TryParse<decimal>("123.123", decimal.TryParse);

借用自http://blogs.msdn.com/b/davidebb/archive/2009/10/23/using-c-dynamic-to-call-static-members.aspx

当遵循这个参考:如何调用静态方法在c# 4.0与动态类型?

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Dynamic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;

namespace Utils
{
   public class StaticMembersDynamicWrapper : DynamicObject
   {
      private Type _type;

      public StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(Type type) { _type = type; }

      // Handle static methods
      public override bool TryInvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder binder, object[] args, out object result)
      {
         var methods = _type
            .GetMethods(BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public)
            .Where(methodInfo => methodInfo.Name == binder.Name);

         var method = methods.FirstOrDefault();
         if (method != null)
         {
            result = method.Invoke(null, args);
            return true;
         }

         result = null;
         return false;
      }
   }

   public static class StaticMembersDynamicWrapperExtensions
   {
      static Dictionary<Type, DynamicObject> cache =
         new Dictionary<Type, DynamicObject>
         {
            {typeof(double), new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(typeof(double))},
            {typeof(float), new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(typeof(float))},
            {typeof(uint), new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(typeof(uint))},
            {typeof(int), new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(typeof(int))},
            {typeof(sbyte), new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(typeof(sbyte))}
         };

      /// <summary>
      /// Allows access to static fields, properties, and methods, resolved at run-time.
      /// </summary>
      public static dynamic StaticMembers(this Type type)
      {
         DynamicObject retVal;
         if (!cache.TryGetValue(type, out retVal))
            return new StaticMembersDynamicWrapper(type);

         return retVal;
      }
   }
}

使用方法如下:

  public static T? ParseNumeric<T>(this string str, bool throws = true)
     where T : struct
  {
     var statics = typeof(T).StaticMembers();

     if (throws) return statics.Parse(str);

     T retval;
     if (!statics.TryParse(str, out retval)) return null;

     return retval;
  }

利用上面的信息，这就是我开发的东西。它将直接转换对象是可能的，否则它将把对象转换为字符串并调用所需对象类型的TryParse方法。

我将每个方法都缓存在字典中，以减少方法获取负载。

可以测试对象是否可以直接转换为目标类型，这将进一步减少字符串转换部分。但我先不讲这个。

    /// <summary>
    /// Used to store TryParse converter methods
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly Dictionary<Type, MethodInfo> TypeConverters = new Dictionary<Type, MethodInfo>();

    /// <summary>
    /// Attempt to parse the input object to the output type
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">output type</typeparam>
    /// <param name="obj">input object</param>
    /// <param name="result">output result on success, default(T) on failure</param>
    /// <returns>Success</returns>
    public static bool TryParse<T>([CanBeNull] object obj, out T result)
    {
        result = default(T);

        try
        {
            switch (obj)
            {
                // don't waste time on null objects
                case null: return false;

                // if the object is already of type T, just return the value
                case T val:
                    result = val;
                    return true;
            }

            // convert the object into type T via string conversion
            var input = ((obj as string) ?? obj.ToString()).Trim();
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(input)) return false;

            var type = typeof (T);
            Debug.WriteLine($"Info: {nameof(TryParse)}<{type.Name}>({obj.GetType().Name}=\"{input}\")");

            if (! TypeConverters.TryGetValue(type, out var method))
            {
                // get the TryParse method for this type
                method = type.GetMethod("TryParse",
                    new[]
                    {
                        typeof (string),
                        Type.GetType($"{type.FullName}&")
                    });

                if (method is null)
                    Debug.WriteLine($"FAILED: Cannot get method for {type.Name}.TryParse()");

                // store it so we don't have to do this again
                TypeConverters.Add(type, method);
            }

            // have to keep a reference to parameters if you want to get the returned ref value
            var parameters = new object[] {input, null};
            if ((bool?) method?.Invoke(null, parameters) == true)
            {
                result = (T) parameters[1];
                return true;
            }                
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine(ex);
        }

        return false;
    }

你应该使用TypeDescriptor类:

public static T Convert<T>(this string input)
{
    try
    {
        var converter = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(T));
        if(converter != null)
        {
            // Cast ConvertFromString(string text) : object to (T)
            return (T)converter.ConvertFromString(input);
        }
        return default(T);
    }
    catch (NotSupportedException)
    {
        return default(T);
    }
}

以TryParse相关的方式使用TypeDescriptor类:

public static bool TryParse<T>(this string input, out T parsedValue)
{
    parsedValue = default(T);
    try
    {
        var converter = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(T));
        parsedValue = (T)converter.ConvertFromString(input);
        return true;
    }
    catch (NotSupportedException)
    {
        return false;
    }
}

受到Charlie Brown在这里发布的解决方案的启发，我使用反射创建了一个通用的TryParse，可以选择输出解析后的值:

/// <summary>
/// Tries to convert the specified string representation of a logical value to
/// its type T equivalent. A return value indicates whether the conversion
/// succeeded or failed.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type to try and convert to.</typeparam>
/// <param name="value">A string containing the value to try and convert.</param>
/// <param name="result">If the conversion was successful, the converted value of type T.</param>
/// <returns>If value was converted successfully, true; otherwise false.</returns>
public static bool TryParse<T>(string value, out T result) where T : struct {
    var tryParseMethod = typeof(T).GetMethod("TryParse", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public, null, new [] { typeof(string), typeof(T).MakeByRefType() }, null);
    var parameters = new object[] { value, null };

    var retVal = (bool)tryParseMethod.Invoke(null, parameters);

    result = (T)parameters[1];
    return retVal;
}

/// <summary>
/// Tries to convert the specified string representation of a logical value to
/// its type T equivalent. A return value indicates whether the conversion
/// succeeded or failed.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type to try and convert to.</typeparam>
/// <param name="value">A string containing the value to try and convert.</param>
/// <returns>If value was converted successfully, true; otherwise false.</returns>
public static bool TryParse<T>(string value) where T : struct {
    T throwaway;
    var retVal = TryParse(value, out throwaway);
    return retVal;
}

它可以这样被称为:

string input = "123";
decimal myDecimal;

bool myIntSuccess = TryParse<int>(input);
bool myDecimalSuccess = TryParse<decimal>(input, out myDecimal);

更新: 也感谢我非常喜欢的YotaXP的解决方案，我创建了一个不使用扩展方法但仍然有一个单例的版本，最大限度地减少了反射的需要:

/// <summary>
/// Provides some extra parsing functionality for value types.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The value type T to operate on.</typeparam>
public static class TryParseHelper<T> where T : struct {
    private delegate bool TryParseFunc(string str, out T result);

    private static TryParseFunc tryParseFuncCached;

    private static TryParseFunc tryParseCached {
        get {
            return tryParseFuncCached ?? (tryParseFuncCached = Delegate.CreateDelegate(typeof(TryParseFunc), typeof(T), "TryParse") as TryParseFunc);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Tries to convert the specified string representation of a logical value to
    /// its type T equivalent. A return value indicates whether the conversion
    /// succeeded or failed.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">A string containing the value to try and convert.</param>
    /// <param name="result">If the conversion was successful, the converted value of type T.</param>
    /// <returns>If value was converted successfully, true; otherwise false.</returns>
    public static bool TryParse(string value, out T result) {
        return tryParseCached(value, out result);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Tries to convert the specified string representation of a logical value to
    /// its type T equivalent. A return value indicates whether the conversion
    /// succeeded or failed.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">A string containing the value to try and convert.</param>
    /// <returns>If value was converted successfully, true; otherwise false.</returns>
    public static bool TryParse(string value) {
        T throwaway;
        return TryParse(value, out throwaway);
    }
}

这样叫它:

string input = "987";
decimal myDecimal;

bool myIntSuccess = TryParseHelper<int>.TryParse(input);
bool myDecimalSuccess = TryParseHelper<decimal>.TryParse(input, out myDecimal);