至少在3.37.0版本，sqlite3支持DROP COLUMN

SQLite 3.35.0引入了对ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN的支持。

ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN语法用于从表中删除现有列。DROP COLUMN命令从表中删除指定的列，并重写整个表以清除与该列相关的数据。DROP COLUMN命令仅在列未被模式的任何其他部分引用、不是PRIMARY KEY且没有UNIQUE约束时才有效。

下面的语法是有效的:

ALTER TABLE <TABLENAME> DROP COLUMN <COLUMNNAME>;
ALTER TABLE <TABLENAME> DROP <COLUMNNAME>;

http://www.sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html

正如您在图中看到的，只支持ADD COLUMN。不过，有一个(有点沉重的)变通方法:http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q11

我的解，只需要调用这个方法。

public static void dropColumn(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName, String[] columnsToRemove) throws java.sql.SQLException {
    List<String> updatedTableColumns = getTableColumns(db, tableName);
    updatedTableColumns.removeAll(Arrays.asList(columnsToRemove));
    String columnsSeperated = TextUtils.join(",", updatedTableColumns);

    db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " RENAME TO " + tableName + "_old;");
    db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE " + tableName + " (" + columnsSeperated + ");");
    db.execSQL("INSERT INTO " + tableName + "(" + columnsSeperated + ") SELECT "
            + columnsSeperated + " FROM " + tableName + "_old;");
    db.execSQL("DROP TABLE " + tableName + "_old;");
}

辅助方法获取列:

public static List<String> getTableColumns(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName) {
    ArrayList<String> columns = new ArrayList<>();
    String cmd = "pragma table_info(" + tableName + ");";
    Cursor cur = db.rawQuery(cmd, null);

    while (cur.moveToNext()) {
        columns.add(cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex("name")));
    }
    cur.close();

    return columns;
}

这个不同问题的答案是针对修改列的，但我相信，如果你有很多列，并且不想在INSERT语句中手动重新输入大部分列，部分答案也可以产生有用的方法:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/10385666

您可以按照上面链接中描述的方法转储数据库，然后从该转储中获取“create table”语句和“insert”模板，然后按照SQLite FAQ条目“如何从SQLite中现有的表中添加或删除列”中的说明进行操作。(常见问题在本页其他地方有链接。)

我已经改进了user2638929回答，现在它可以保留列类型，主键，默认值等。

public static void dropColumns(SQLiteDatabase database, String tableName, Collection<String> columnsToRemove){
    List<String> columnNames = new ArrayList<>();
    List<String> columnNamesWithType = new ArrayList<>();
    List<String> primaryKeys = new ArrayList<>();
    String query = "pragma table_info(" + tableName + ");";
    Cursor cursor = database.rawQuery(query,null);
    while (cursor.moveToNext()){
        String columnName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));

        if (columnsToRemove.contains(columnName)){
            continue;
        }

        String columnType = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("type"));
        boolean isNotNull = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("notnull")) == 1;
        boolean isPk = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("pk")) == 1;

        columnNames.add(columnName);
        String tmp = "`" + columnName + "` " + columnType + " ";
        if (isNotNull){
            tmp += " NOT NULL ";
        }

        int defaultValueType = cursor.getType(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value"));
        if (defaultValueType == Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_STRING){
            tmp += " DEFAULT " + "\"" + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value")) + "\" ";
        }else if(defaultValueType == Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER){
            tmp += " DEFAULT " + cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value")) + " ";
        }else if (defaultValueType == Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_FLOAT){
            tmp += " DEFAULT " + cursor.getFloat(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value")) + " ";
        }
        columnNamesWithType.add(tmp);
        if (isPk){
            primaryKeys.add("`" + columnName + "`");
        }
    }
    cursor.close();

    String columnNamesSeparated = TextUtils.join(", ", columnNames);
    if (primaryKeys.size() > 0){
        columnNamesWithType.add("PRIMARY KEY("+ TextUtils.join(", ", primaryKeys) +")");
    }
    String columnNamesWithTypeSeparated = TextUtils.join(", ", columnNamesWithType);

    database.beginTransaction();
    try {
        database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " RENAME TO " + tableName + "_old;");
        database.execSQL("CREATE TABLE " + tableName + " (" + columnNamesWithTypeSeparated + ");");
        database.execSQL("INSERT INTO " + tableName + " (" + columnNamesSeparated + ") SELECT "
                + columnNamesSeparated + " FROM " + tableName + "_old;");
        database.execSQL("DROP TABLE " + tableName + "_old;");
        database.setTransactionSuccessful();
    }finally {
        database.endTransaction();
    }
}

PS:这里我使用的是android.arch.persistence.db。支持sqlitedatabase，但你可以很容易地修改它使用android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase