我想在sqlite数据库中删除或添加列
我正在使用以下查询删除列。
ALTER TABLE TABLENAME DROP COLUMN COLUMNNAME
但它会产生错误
System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteException: SQLite error
near "DROP": syntax error
我想在sqlite数据库中删除或添加列
我正在使用以下查询删除列。
ALTER TABLE TABLENAME DROP COLUMN COLUMNNAME
但它会产生错误
System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteException: SQLite error
near "DROP": syntax error
当前回答
正如其他人指出的那样
不能重命名列、删除列或添加或 从表中删除约束。
来源:http://www.sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html
而您总是可以创建一个新表,然后删除旧表。 我将尝试用一个例子来解释这种解决方法。
sqlite> .schema
CREATE TABLE person(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
first_name TEXT,
last_name TEXT,
age INTEGER,
height INTEGER
);
sqlite> select * from person ;
id first_name last_name age height
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
0 john doe 20 170
1 foo bar 25 171
现在要从该表中删除列的高度。
创建另一个名为new_person的表
sqlite> CREATE TABLE new_person(
...> id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
...> first_name TEXT,
...> last_name TEXT,
...> age INTEGER
...> ) ;
sqlite>
现在从旧表复制数据
sqlite> INSERT INTO new_person
...> SELECT id, first_name, last_name, age FROM person ;
sqlite> select * from new_person ;
id first_name last_name age
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
0 john doe 20
1 foo bar 25
sqlite>
现在删除person表并将new_person重命名为person
sqlite> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS person ;
sqlite> ALTER TABLE new_person RENAME TO person ;
sqlite>
如果你使用。schema,你会看到
sqlite>.schema
CREATE TABLE "person"(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
first_name TEXT,
last_name TEXT,
age INTEGER
);
其他回答
修改表SQLite
SQLite支持ALTER TABLE的一个有限子集。SQLite中的ALTER TABLE命令允许用户重命名表或向现有表添加新列。不能重命名列、删除列或从表中添加或删除约束。
您可以:
创建新表作为您要更改的表, 复制所有数据, 丢掉旧桌子, 重新命名新文件。
我的解,只需要调用这个方法。
public static void dropColumn(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName, String[] columnsToRemove) throws java.sql.SQLException {
List<String> updatedTableColumns = getTableColumns(db, tableName);
updatedTableColumns.removeAll(Arrays.asList(columnsToRemove));
String columnsSeperated = TextUtils.join(",", updatedTableColumns);
db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " RENAME TO " + tableName + "_old;");
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE " + tableName + " (" + columnsSeperated + ");");
db.execSQL("INSERT INTO " + tableName + "(" + columnsSeperated + ") SELECT "
+ columnsSeperated + " FROM " + tableName + "_old;");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE " + tableName + "_old;");
}
辅助方法获取列:
public static List<String> getTableColumns(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName) {
ArrayList<String> columns = new ArrayList<>();
String cmd = "pragma table_info(" + tableName + ");";
Cursor cur = db.rawQuery(cmd, null);
while (cur.moveToNext()) {
columns.add(cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex("name")));
}
cur.close();
return columns;
}
正如其他人指出的那样,sqlite的ALTER TABLE语句不支持DROP COLUMN,并且标准的做法是不保留约束和索引。
下面是一些python代码,在维护所有关键约束和索引的同时,可以通用地执行此操作。
请在使用之前备份您的数据库!这个函数依赖于修改原始的CREATE TABLE语句,可能有点不安全——例如,如果标识符包含嵌入的逗号或圆括号,它就会出错。
如果有人愿意提供一种更好的解析SQL的方法,那就太好了!
我发现了一个更好的方法来解析使用开源sqlparse包。如果有任何兴趣,我会张贴在这里,只要留下评论要求它…
import re
import random
def DROP_COLUMN(db, table, column):
columns = [ c[1] for c in db.execute("PRAGMA table_info(%s)" % table) ]
columns = [ c for c in columns if c != column ]
sql = db.execute("SELECT sql from sqlite_master where name = '%s'"
% table).fetchone()[0]
sql = format(sql)
lines = sql.splitlines()
findcol = r'\b%s\b' % column
keeplines = [ line for line in lines if not re.search(findcol, line) ]
create = '\n'.join(keeplines)
create = re.sub(r',(\s*\))', r'\1', create)
temp = 'tmp%d' % random.randint(1e8, 1e9)
db.execute("ALTER TABLE %(old)s RENAME TO %(new)s" % {
'old': table, 'new': temp })
db.execute(create)
db.execute("""
INSERT INTO %(new)s ( %(columns)s )
SELECT %(columns)s FROM %(old)s
""" % {
'old': temp,
'new': table,
'columns': ', '.join(columns)
})
db.execute("DROP TABLE %s" % temp)
def format(sql):
sql = sql.replace(",", ",\n")
sql = sql.replace("(", "(\n")
sql = sql.replace(")", "\n)")
return sql
我重写了@Udinic答案,以便代码自动生成表创建查询。它也不需要ConnectionSource。它还必须在事务中完成此操作。
public static String getOneTableDbSchema(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName) {
Cursor c = db.rawQuery(
"SELECT * FROM `sqlite_master` WHERE `type` = 'table' AND `name` = '" + tableName + "'", null);
String result = null;
if (c.moveToFirst()) {
result = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("sql"));
}
c.close();
return result;
}
public List<String> getTableColumns(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName) {
ArrayList<String> columns = new ArrayList<>();
String cmd = "pragma table_info(" + tableName + ");";
Cursor cur = db.rawQuery(cmd, null);
while (cur.moveToNext()) {
columns.add(cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex("name")));
}
cur.close();
return columns;
}
private void dropColumn(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName, String[] columnsToRemove) {
db.beginTransaction();
try {
List<String> columnNamesWithoutRemovedOnes = getTableColumns(db, tableName);
// Remove the columns we don't want anymore from the table's list of columns
columnNamesWithoutRemovedOnes.removeAll(Arrays.asList(columnsToRemove));
String newColumnNamesSeparated = TextUtils.join(" , ", columnNamesWithoutRemovedOnes);
String sql = getOneTableDbSchema(db, tableName);
// Extract the SQL query that contains only columns
String oldColumnsSql = sql.substring(sql.indexOf("(")+1, sql.lastIndexOf(")"));
db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " RENAME TO " + tableName + "_old;");
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE `" + tableName + "` (" + getSqlWithoutRemovedColumns(oldColumnsSql, columnsToRemove)+ ");");
db.execSQL("INSERT INTO " + tableName + "(" + newColumnNamesSeparated + ") SELECT " + newColumnNamesSeparated + " FROM " + tableName + "_old;");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE " + tableName + "_old;");
db.setTransactionSuccessful();
} catch {
//Error in between database transaction
} finally {
db.endTransaction();
}
}
http://www.sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html
正如您在图中看到的,只支持ADD COLUMN。不过,有一个(有点沉重的)变通方法:http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q11