我试图使用scikit-learn的LabelEncoder来编码字符串标签的pandas DataFrame。由于数据帧有许多(50+)列,我想避免为每一列创建一个LabelEncoder对象;我宁愿只有一个大的LabelEncoder对象,它可以跨所有数据列工作。

将整个DataFrame扔到LabelEncoder中会产生以下错误。请记住,我在这里使用的是虚拟数据;实际上,我正在处理大约50列的字符串标记数据,所以需要一个解决方案,不引用任何列的名称。

import pandas
from sklearn import preprocessing 

df = pandas.DataFrame({
    'pets': ['cat', 'dog', 'cat', 'monkey', 'dog', 'dog'], 
    'owner': ['Champ', 'Ron', 'Brick', 'Champ', 'Veronica', 'Ron'], 
    'location': ['San_Diego', 'New_York', 'New_York', 'San_Diego', 'San_Diego', 
                 'New_York']
})

le = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()

le.fit(df)

回溯(最近一次调用): 文件“”,第1行,在 文件"/Users/bbalin/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sklearn/预处理/label.py",第103行 y = column_or_1d(y, warn=True) 文件"/Users/bbalin/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sklearn/utils/validation.py",第306行,在column_or_1d中 raise ValueError("错误的输入形状{0}".format(形状)) ValueError:错误的输入形状(6,3)

对于如何解决这个问题有什么想法吗?


当前回答

这是一年半后的事实,但我也需要能够。transform()多个熊猫数据帧列一次(以及能够。inverse_transform()他们)。这扩展了上面@PriceHardman的优秀建议:

class MultiColumnLabelEncoder(LabelEncoder):
    """
    Wraps sklearn LabelEncoder functionality for use on multiple columns of a
    pandas dataframe.

    """
    def __init__(self, columns=None):
        self.columns = columns

    def fit(self, dframe):
        """
        Fit label encoder to pandas columns.

        Access individual column classes via indexig `self.all_classes_`

        Access individual column encoders via indexing
        `self.all_encoders_`
        """
        # if columns are provided, iterate through and get `classes_`
        if self.columns is not None:
            # ndarray to hold LabelEncoder().classes_ for each
            # column; should match the shape of specified `columns`
            self.all_classes_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                           dtype=object)
            self.all_encoders_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                            dtype=object)
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                # fit LabelEncoder to get `classes_` for the column
                le = LabelEncoder()
                le.fit(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
                # append the `classes_` to our ndarray container
                self.all_classes_[idx] = (column,
                                          np.array(le.classes_.tolist(),
                                                  dtype=object))
                # append this column's encoder
                self.all_encoders_[idx] = le
        else:
            # no columns specified; assume all are to be encoded
            self.columns = dframe.iloc[:, :].columns
            self.all_classes_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                           dtype=object)
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                le = LabelEncoder()
                le.fit(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
                self.all_classes_[idx] = (column,
                                          np.array(le.classes_.tolist(),
                                                  dtype=object))
                self.all_encoders_[idx] = le
        return self

    def fit_transform(self, dframe):
        """
        Fit label encoder and return encoded labels.

        Access individual column classes via indexing
        `self.all_classes_`

        Access individual column encoders via indexing
        `self.all_encoders_`

        Access individual column encoded labels via indexing
        `self.all_labels_`
        """
        # if columns are provided, iterate through and get `classes_`
        if self.columns is not None:
            # ndarray to hold LabelEncoder().classes_ for each
            # column; should match the shape of specified `columns`
            self.all_classes_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                           dtype=object)
            self.all_encoders_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                            dtype=object)
            self.all_labels_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                          dtype=object)
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                # instantiate LabelEncoder
                le = LabelEncoder()
                # fit and transform labels in the column
                dframe.loc[:, column] =\
                    le.fit_transform(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
                # append the `classes_` to our ndarray container
                self.all_classes_[idx] = (column,
                                          np.array(le.classes_.tolist(),
                                                  dtype=object))
                self.all_encoders_[idx] = le
                self.all_labels_[idx] = le
        else:
            # no columns specified; assume all are to be encoded
            self.columns = dframe.iloc[:, :].columns
            self.all_classes_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                           dtype=object)
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                le = LabelEncoder()
                dframe.loc[:, column] = le.fit_transform(
                        dframe.loc[:, column].values)
                self.all_classes_[idx] = (column,
                                          np.array(le.classes_.tolist(),
                                                  dtype=object))
                self.all_encoders_[idx] = le
        return dframe.loc[:, self.columns].values

    def transform(self, dframe):
        """
        Transform labels to normalized encoding.
        """
        if self.columns is not None:
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                dframe.loc[:, column] = self.all_encoders_[
                    idx].transform(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
        else:
            self.columns = dframe.iloc[:, :].columns
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                dframe.loc[:, column] = self.all_encoders_[idx]\
                    .transform(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
        return dframe.loc[:, self.columns].values

    def inverse_transform(self, dframe):
        """
        Transform labels back to original encoding.
        """
        if self.columns is not None:
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                dframe.loc[:, column] = self.all_encoders_[idx]\
                    .inverse_transform(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
        else:
            self.columns = dframe.iloc[:, :].columns
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                dframe.loc[:, column] = self.all_encoders_[idx]\
                    .inverse_transform(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
        return dframe.loc[:, self.columns].values

例子:

如果df和df_copy()是混合类型的pandas数据帧,你可以将MultiColumnLabelEncoder()应用到dtype=object列上,方法如下:

# get `object` columns
df_object_columns = df.iloc[:, :].select_dtypes(include=['object']).columns
df_copy_object_columns = df_copy.iloc[:, :].select_dtypes(include=['object']).columns

# instantiate `MultiColumnLabelEncoder`
mcle = MultiColumnLabelEncoder(columns=object_columns)

# fit to `df` data
mcle.fit(df)

# transform the `df` data
mcle.transform(df)

# returns output like below
array([[1, 0, 0, ..., 1, 1, 0],
       [0, 5, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],
       [1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],
       ..., 
       [3, 5, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],

# transform `df_copy` data
mcle.transform(df_copy)

# returns output like below (assuming the respective columns 
# of `df_copy` contain the same unique values as that particular 
# column in `df`
array([[1, 0, 0, ..., 1, 1, 0],
       [0, 5, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],
       [1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],
       ..., 
       [3, 5, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],

# inverse `df` data
mcle.inverse_transform(df)

# outputs data like below
array([['August', 'Friday', '2013', ..., 'N', 'N', 'CA'],
       ['April', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['August', 'Monday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ..., 
       ['February', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['April', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['March', 'Tuesday', '2013', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ']], dtype=object)

# inverse `df_copy` data
mcle.inverse_transform(df_copy)

# outputs data like below
array([['August', 'Friday', '2013', ..., 'N', 'N', 'CA'],
       ['April', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['August', 'Monday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ..., 
       ['February', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['April', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['March', 'Tuesday', '2013', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ']], dtype=object)

你可以通过索引访问单独的列类、列标签和用于适合每个列的列编码器:

mcle.all_classes_ mcle.all_encoders_ mcle.all_labels_

其他回答

使用dict()实现LabelEncoder()多列的简单方法:

from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
le_dict = {col: LabelEncoder() for col in columns }
for col in columns:
    le_dict[col].fit_transform(df[col])

并且你可以使用这个le_dict来对其他列进行labelEncode:

le_dict[col].transform(df_another[col])

如果你拥有object类型的所有特征,那么上面写的第一个答案很好https://stackoverflow.com/a/31939145/5840973。

但是,假设我们有混合类型的列。然后,我们可以以编程方式获取类型对象类型名称的特征列表,然后对它们进行标签编码。

#Fetch features of type Object
objFeatures = dataframe.select_dtypes(include="object").columns

#Iterate a loop for features of type object
from sklearn import preprocessing
le = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()

for feat in objFeatures:
    dataframe[feat] = le.fit_transform(dataframe[feat].astype(str))
 

dataframe.info()

这并没有直接回答你的问题(Naputipulu Jon和PriceHardman对此有精彩的回答)

但是,对于一些分类任务等,您可以使用

pandas.get_dummies(input_df) 

这可以输入带有分类数据的数据框架,并返回带有二进制值的数据框架。变量值被编码到结果数据框架中的列名中。更多的

我们可以使用scikit learn中的OrdinalEncoder来代替LabelEncoder,它允许多列编码。

将分类特征编码为整数数组。 这个转换器的输入应该是一个类似数组的整数或字符串,表示分类(离散)特征所取的值。特征被转换为序号整数。这将导致每个特性生成一列整数(0到n_categories - 1)。

>>> from sklearn.preprocessing import OrdinalEncoder
>>> enc = OrdinalEncoder()
>>> X = [['Male', 1], ['Female', 3], ['Female', 2]]
>>> enc.fit(X)
OrdinalEncoder()
>>> enc.categories_
[array(['Female', 'Male'], dtype=object), array([1, 2, 3], dtype=object)]
>>> enc.transform([['Female', 3], ['Male', 1]])
array([[0., 2.],
       [1., 0.]])

描述和示例都是从它的文档页面复制的,你可以在这里找到:

https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.OrdinalEncoder.html#sklearn.preprocessing.OrdinalEncoder

从scikit-learn 0.20开始,你可以使用sklearn.compose.ColumnTransformer和sklearn.预处理. onehotencoder:

如果你只有分类变量,OneHotEncoder直接:

from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder

OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore').fit_transform(df)

如果你有异构类型的特性:

from sklearn.compose import make_column_transformer
from sklearn.preprocessing import RobustScaler
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder

categorical_columns = ['pets', 'owner', 'location']
numerical_columns = ['age', 'weigth', 'height']
column_trans = make_column_transformer(
    (categorical_columns, OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore'),
    (numerical_columns, RobustScaler())
column_trans.fit_transform(df)

文档中有更多选项:http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/compose.html#columntransformer-for-heterogeneous-data