我总是听到这样的争论，即表格是否多元化完全是个人品味的问题，没有最佳实践。我不相信这是真的，尤其是作为一个程序员而不是DBA。据我所知，除了“这对我来说很有意义，因为它是对象的集合”之外，没有其他合理的理由将表名改为复数形式，而使用单数表名在代码中有合理的好处。例如:

It avoids bugs and mistakes caused by plural ambiguities. Programmers aren't exactly known for their spelling expertise, and pluralizing some words are confusing. For example, does the plural word end in 'es' or just 's'? Is it persons or people? When you work on a project with large teams, this can become an issue. For example, an instance where a team member uses the incorrect method to pluralize a table he creates. By the time I interact with this table, it is used all over in code I don't have access to or would take too long to fix. The result is I have to remember to spell the table wrong every time I use it. Something very similar to this happened to me. The easier you can make it for every member of the team to consistently and easily use the exact, correct table names without errors or having to look up table names all the time, the better. The singular version is much easier to handle in a team environment. If you use the singular version of a table name AND prefix the primary key with the table name, you now have the advantage of easily determining a table name from a primary key or vice versa via code alone. You can be given a variable with a table name in it, concatenate "Id" to the end, and you now have the primary key of the table via code, without having to do an additional query. Or you can cut off "Id" from the end of a primary key to determine a table name via code. If you use "id" without a table name for the primary key, then you cannot via code determine the table name from the primary key. In addition, most people who pluralize table names and prefix PK columns with the table name use the singular version of the table name in the PK (for example statuses and status_id), making it impossible to do this at all. If you make table names singular, you can have them match the class names they represent. Once again, this can simplify code and allow you to do really neat things, like instantiating a class by having nothing but the table name. It also just makes your code more consistent, which leads to... If you make the table name singular, it makes your naming scheme consistent, organized, and easy to maintain in every location. You know that in every instance in your code, whether it's in a column name, as a class name, or as the table name, it's the same exact name. This allows you to do global searches to see everywhere that data is used. When you pluralize a table name, there will be cases where you will use the singular version of that table name (the class it turns into, in the primary key). It just makes sense to not have some instances where your data is referred to as plural and some instances singular.

总而言之，如果你将表名改为复数，那么你就失去了让你的代码更聪明、更容易处理的所有优势。甚至在某些情况下，您必须使用查找表/数组来将表名转换为本可以避免的对象或本地代码名。虽然一开始可能感觉有点奇怪，但单数表名比复数表名具有显著优势，我相信这是最佳实践。

表名:它应该是单数，因为它是一个表示真实世界对象的单数实体，而不是表示对象的单数实体。

列名:它应该是单数，只有这样它才表示它将持有一个原子值，并将确认归一化理论。然而，如果有n个相同类型的属性，那么它们应该以1,2，…作为后缀。n，等等。

表/列前缀:这是一个巨大的主题，将在后面讨论。

外壳:应该是驼色的

我的朋友Patrick Karcher，我请求你不要写任何可能冒犯别人的东西，就像你写的那样，“此外，外键必须在不同的表中一致命名。如果有人不这样做，殴打他应该是合法的。”我从来没有犯过这样的错误，我的朋友帕特里克，但我写一般。如果他们一起打算为此揍你呢?：）

不。表应该以它所代表的实体命名。 Person，而不是persons是指记录所代表的人。 同样的事情。列FirstName真的不应该被称为FirstNames。这完全取决于你想用列表示什么。 不。 是的。为清晰起见。如果你需要像“FirstName”这样的列，大小写会让它更容易阅读。

好的。这是我的0.02美元

这里的回答有点晚，但简而言之:

复数表名:我的偏好是复数 单个列名:是的 前缀表或列:

表:*通常*没有前缀是最好的。 列:没有。

在命名项时使用任何大小写:表和列都使用PascalCase。

细化:

(1)你必须做什么。很少有事情是你每次都必须以某种方式去做的，但还是有一些。

Name your primary keys using "[singularOfTableName]ID" format. That is, whether your table name is Customer or Customers, the primary key should be CustomerID. Further, foreign keys must be named consistently in different tables. It should be legal to beat up someone who does not do this. I would submit that while defined foreign key constraints are often important, consistent foreign key naming is always important You database must have internal conventions. Even though in later sections you'll see me being very flexible, within a database naming must be very consistent . Whether your table for customers is called Customers or Customer is less important than that you do it the same way throughout the same database. And you can flip a coin to determine how to use underscores, but then you must keep using them the same way. If you don't do this, you are a bad person who should have low self-esteem.

你可能应该做的事。

Fields representing the same kind of data on different tables should be named the same. Don't have Zip on one table and ZipCode on another. To separate words in your table or column names, use PascalCasing. Using camelCasing would not be intrinsically problematic, but that's not the convention and it would look funny. I'll address underscores in a moment. (You may not use ALLCAPS as in the olden days. OBNOXIOUSTABLE.ANNOYING_COLUMN was okay in DB2 20 years ago, but not now.) Don't artifically shorten or abbreviate words. It is better for a name to be long and clear than short and confusing. Ultra-short names is a holdover from darker, more savage times. Cus_AddRef. What on earth is that? Custodial Addressee Reference? Customer Additional Refund? Custom Address Referral?

(3)你应该考虑什么。

I really think you should have plural names for tables; some think singular. Read the arguments elsewhere. Column names should be singular however. Even if you use plural table names, tables that represent combinations of other tables might be in the singular. For example, if you have a Promotions and an Items table, a table representing an item being a part of a promotion could be Promotions_Items, but it could also legitimately be Promotion_Items I think (reflecting the one-to-many relationship). Use underscores consistently and for a particular purpose. Just general tables names should be clear enough with PascalCasing; you don't need underscores to separate words. Save underscores either (a) to indicate an associative table or (b) for prefixing, which I'll address in the next bullet. Prefixing is neither good or bad. It usually is not best. In your first db or two, I would not suggest using prefixes for general thematic grouping of tables. Tables end up not fitting your categories easily, and it can actually make it harder to find tables. With experience, you can plan and apply a prefixing scheme that does more good than harm. I worked in a db once where data tables began with tbl, config tables with ctbl, views with vew, proc's sp, and udf's fn, and a few others; it was meticulously, consistently applied so it worked out okay. The only time you NEED prefixes is when you have really separate solutions that for some reason reside in the same db; prefixing them can be very helpful in grouping the tables. Prefixing is also okay for special situations, like for temporary tables that you want to stand out. Very seldom (if ever) would you want to prefix columns.

我的观点是:

1)不，表名应该是单数。

虽然对于简单的选择(select * from Orders)似乎有意义，但对于OO等效(Orders x = new Orders)则没有意义。

数据库中的表实际上是该实体的集合，当你使用set-logic时，它更有意义:

select Orders.*
from Orders inner join Products
    on Orders.Key = Products.Key

最后一行，连接的实际逻辑，看起来与复数表名混淆。

我不确定是否总是使用别名(如Matt建议的那样)可以消除这种情况。

2)它们应该是单数，因为它们只拥有一种属性

3)如果列名有歧义(如上所述，它们都有一个名为[Key]的列)，表名(或其别名)永远不能很好地区分它们。您希望查询能够快速键入，并且简单-前缀会增加不必要的复杂性。

4)无论你想要什么，我都推荐CapitalCase

我不认为有任何一套绝对的指导方针。

只要你在应用程序或数据库中选择的是一致的，我不认为这真的很重要。

--Example SQL

CREATE TABLE D001_Students
(
    StudentID INTEGER CONSTRAINT nnD001_STID NOT NULL,
    ChristianName NVARCHAR(255) CONSTRAINT nnD001_CHNA NOT NULL,
    Surname NVARCHAR(255) CONSTRAINT nnD001_SURN NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT pkD001 PRIMARY KEY(StudentID)
);

CREATE INDEX idxD001_STID on D001_Students;

CREATE TABLE D002_Classes
(
    ClassID INTEGER CONSTRAINT nnD002_CLID NOT NULL,
    StudentID INTEGER CONSTRAINT nnD002_STID NOT NULL,
    ClassName NVARCHAR(255) CONSTRAINT nnD002_CLNA NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT pkD001 PRIMARY KEY(ClassID, StudentID),
    CONSTRAINT fkD001_STID FOREIGN KEY(StudentID) 
        REFERENCES D001_Students(StudentID)
);

CREATE INDEX idxD002_CLID on D002_Classes;

CREATE VIEW V001_StudentClasses
(
    SELECT
        D001.ChristianName,
        D001.Surname,
        D002.ClassName
    FROM
        D001_Students D001
            INNER JOIN
        D002_Classes D002
            ON
        D001.StudentID = D002.StudentID
);

这些是我学到的惯例，但是您应该适应您的开发软管使用的任何东西。

复数。它是实体的集合。 是的。属性是一个实体的单一属性的表示。 是的，前缀表名允许轻松跟踪所有约束索引和表别名的命名。 表和列名用大小写，索引和约束用前缀+ ALL大写。