假设我有这样的类Foo和Bar:
class Foo
{
public:
int x;
virtual void printStuff()
{
std::cout << x << std::endl;
}
};
class Bar : public Foo
{
public:
int y;
void printStuff()
{
// I would like to call Foo.printStuff() here...
std::cout << y << std::endl;
}
};
正如代码中注释的那样，我希望能够调用我要重写的基类的函数。在Java中有super.funcname()语法。这在c++中可行吗?
当前回答
在c++中，在调用派生类方法时必须显式地命名基类。这可以从派生类的任何方法中完成。重写是同名方法的特殊情况。在Java中没有多重继承，所以你可以使用super来唯一地命名基类。c++语法是这样的:
class Bar : public Foo {
// ...
void printStuff() override { // help the compiler to check
Foo::printStuff(); // calls base class' function
}
};
其他回答
在c++中，在调用派生类方法时必须显式地命名基类。这可以从派生类的任何方法中完成。重写是同名方法的特殊情况。在Java中没有多重继承，所以你可以使用super来唯一地命名基类。c++语法是这样的:
class Bar : public Foo {
// ...
void printStuff() override { // help the compiler to check
Foo::printStuff(); // calls base class' function
}
};
检查下这个吗……
#include <stdio.h>
class Base {
public:
virtual void gogo(int a) { printf(" Base :: gogo (int) \n"); };
virtual void gogo1(int a) { printf(" Base :: gogo1 (int) \n"); };
void gogo2(int a) { printf(" Base :: gogo2 (int) \n"); };
void gogo3(int a) { printf(" Base :: gogo3 (int) \n"); };
};
class Derived : protected Base {
public:
virtual void gogo(int a) { printf(" Derived :: gogo (int) \n"); };
void gogo1(int a) { printf(" Derived :: gogo1 (int) \n"); };
virtual void gogo2(int a) { printf(" Derived :: gogo2 (int) \n"); };
void gogo3(int a) { printf(" Derived :: gogo3 (int) \n"); };
};
int main() {
std::cout << "Derived" << std::endl;
auto obj = new Derived ;
obj->gogo(7);
obj->gogo1(7);
obj->gogo2(7);
obj->gogo3(7);
std::cout << "Base" << std::endl;
auto base = (Base*)obj;
base->gogo(7);
base->gogo1(7);
base->gogo2(7);
base->gogo3(7);
std::string s;
std::cout << "press any key to exit" << std::endl;
std::cin >> s;
return 0;
}
输出
Derived
Derived :: gogo (int)
Derived :: gogo1 (int)
Derived :: gogo2 (int)
Derived :: gogo3 (int)
Base
Derived :: gogo (int)
Derived :: gogo1 (int)
Base :: gogo2 (int)
Base :: gogo3 (int)
press any key to exit
最好的方法是使用base::函数，比如@sth
有时你需要调用基类的实现，当你不在派生函数中…它仍然有效:
struct Base
{
virtual int Foo()
{
return -1;
}
};
struct Derived : public Base
{
virtual int Foo()
{
return -2;
}
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Base *x = new Derived;
ASSERT(-2 == x->Foo());
//syntax is trippy but it works
ASSERT(-1 == x->Base::Foo());
return 0;
}
是的，你可以这么叫。在子类中调用父类函数的c++语法是
class child: public parent {
// ...
void methodName() {
parent::methodName(); // calls Parent class' function
}
};
阅读关于函数重写的更多信息。
如果你想从基类的派生类中调用基类的函数，你可以在被重写的函数内部调用，并提到基类名(如Foo::printStuff())。
代码在这里
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Foo
{
public:
int x;
virtual void printStuff()
{
cout<<"Base Foo printStuff called"<<endl;
}
};
class Bar : public Foo
{
public:
int y;
void printStuff()
{
cout<<"derived Bar printStuff called"<<endl;
Foo::printStuff();/////also called the base class method
}
};
int main()
{
Bar *b=new Bar;
b->printStuff();
}
同样，您可以在运行时使用该类的对象(派生类或基类)确定调用哪个函数。但这要求基类中的函数必须标记为虚函数。
下面的代码
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Foo
{
public:
int x;
virtual void printStuff()
{
cout<<"Base Foo printStuff called"<<endl;
}
};
class Bar : public Foo
{
public:
int y;
void printStuff()
{
cout<<"derived Bar printStuff called"<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Foo *foo=new Foo;
foo->printStuff();/////this call the base function
foo=new Bar;
foo->printStuff();
}
