封装和抽象之间的确切区别是什么?
当前回答
抽象是广义的术语。即封装是抽象的子集。
| Abstraction | Encapsulation |
|---|---|
| It solves an issue at the design level. | Encapsulation solves an issue at implementation level. |
| hides the unnecessary detail but shows the essential information. | It hides the code and data into a single entity or unit so that the data can be protected from the outside world. |
| Focuses on the external lookout. | Focuses on internal working. |
| Lets focus on what an object does instead of how it does it. | Lets focus on how an object does something. |
| Example: Outer look of mobile, like it has a display screen and buttons. | Example: Inner details of mobile, how button and display screen connect with each other using circuits. |
示例:解决方案架构师是创建整个解决方案的高级抽象技术设计的人，然后将该设计移交给开发团队进行实现。 在这里，解决方案架构师充当抽象，而开发团队充当封装。
举例:用户数据的封装(组网)
图片由
Abstraction (or modularity) – Types enable programmers to think at a higher level than the bit or byte, not bothering with low-level implementation. For example, programmers can begin to think of a string as a set of character values instead of as a mere array of bytes. Higher still, types enable programmers to think about and express interfaces between two of any-sized subsystems. This enables more levels of localization so that the definitions required for interoperability of the subsystems remain consistent when those two subsystems communicate. Source
Java示例
其他回答
封装是抽象的一个例子。封装的全部意义在于抽象函数内部发生的事情，将所有的复杂性简化为一个符号(函数的引用或名称)，将函数变成一个黑盒。
在编程中，“抽象”一词是一个命令。当一个类继承了一个抽象类(或接口)时，您将被命令创建一个抽象。
封装:对对象的实际用户隐藏不需要的/不期望的/适当的实现细节。 如。
List<string> list = new List<string>();
list.Sort(); /* Here, which sorting algorithm is used and hows its
implemented is not useful to the user who wants to perform sort, that's
why its hidden from the user of list. */
抽象:是一种提供泛化的方法，因此是处理大量不同对象的通用方法。如。
class Aeroplane : IFlyable, IFuelable, IMachine
{ // Aeroplane's Design says:
// Aeroplane is a flying object
// Aeroplane can be fueled
// Aeroplane is a Machine
}
// But the code related to Pilot, or Driver of Aeroplane is not bothered
// about Machine or Fuel. Hence,
// pilot code:
IFlyable flyingObj = new Aeroplane();
flyingObj.Fly();
// fighter Pilot related code
IFlyable flyingObj2 = new FighterAeroplane();
flyingObj2.Fly();
// UFO related code
IFlyable ufoObj = new UFO();
ufoObj.Fly();
// **All the 3 Above codes are genaralized using IFlyable,
// Interface Abstraction**
// Fly related code knows how to fly, irrespective of the type of
// flying object they are.
// Similarly, Fuel related code:
// Fueling an Aeroplane
IFuelable fuelableObj = new Aeroplane();
fuelableObj.FillFuel();
// Fueling a Car
IFuelable fuelableObj2 = new Car(); // class Car : IFuelable { }
fuelableObj2.FillFuel();
// ** Fueling code does not need know what kind of vehicle it is, so far
// as it can Fill Fuel**
两者之间存在差异
ABSTRAACTION
and
封装
1. First difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation is that, Abstraction is implemented in Java using interface and abstract class while Encapsulation is implemented using private, package-private and protected access modifier.
2. Data abstraction simply means generalizing something to hide the complex logic that goes underneath where Encapsulation is DATA HIDING.
3. Encapsulation is combining related logic data (variables and methods) where as Abstraction is hiding internal implementation details and expose only relevant details to the user. In a way you can Abstraction is achieved by Encapsulation.
封装要求模块化。它要求您创建具有数据和处理数据的方法的对象。在这种情况下，您可以将其视为一个模块。
抽象为您提供了类的一般视图。
我认为封装是实现抽象的一种方式。看看下面的链接。
抽象和封装
