抽象和封装的区别。

我读得越多，就越困惑。所以，我的理解是:

封装:

我们通常从外面看到手表，它的组件被封装在它的身体里。我们对不同的操作有某种控制。这种隐藏细节和公开控制(例如设置时间)的方式就是封装。

抽象:

到目前为止，我们一直在谈论手表。但我们没有具体说明是哪种手表。可以是数字的，也可以是模拟的，可以是手用的，也可以是墙用的。有很多可能性。我们所知道的是，这是一块手表，它显示时间，这是我们唯一感兴趣的东西，时间。这种隐藏细节和公开通用特性或用例的方法就是抽象。

有一件事，也许是其他答案忘记提到的一个基本的事情是，封装是抽象。因此，将两者进行对比并寻找差异是不准确的，而应该将封装视为一种抽象形式。

抽象和封装的区别。

抽象或封装并不严格要求信息隐藏。信息可能会被忽略，但不一定要隐藏。

封装是一种将事物视为单一事物的能力，即使它可能由许多复杂的部分或思想组成。例如，我可以说我坐在一把“椅子”上，而不是指这把椅子上的许多不同部分，每个部分都有特定的设计和功能，它们精确地组合在一起，目的是让我的屁股舒适地离地板几英尺远。

Abstraction is enabled by encapsulation. Because we encapsulate objects, we can think about them as things which relate to each other in some way rather than getting bogged down in the subtle details of internal object structure. Abstraction is the ability to consider the bigger picture, removed from concern over little details. The root of the word is abstract as in the summary that appears at the top of a scholarly paper, not abstract as in a class which can only be instantiated as a derived subclass.

I can honestly say that when I plop my butt down in my chair, I never think about how the structure of that chair will catch and hold my weight. It's a decent enough chair that I don't have to worry about those details. So I can turn my attention toward my computer. And again, I don't think about the component parts of my computer. I'm just looking at a part of a webpage that represents a text area that I can type in, and I'm communicating in words, barely even thinking about how my fingers always find the right letters so quickly on the keyboard, and how the connection is ultimately made between tapping these keys and posting to this forum. This is the great power of abstraction. Because the lower levels of the system can be trusted to work with consistency and precision, we have attention to spare for greater work.

我认为封装是实现抽象的一种方式。看看下面的链接。

抽象和封装