A.旧Java方式:

声明一个伴随对象来包含一个静态方法/变量 类Foo { 伴随对象{ fun foo() = println(" foo ") Val bar ="bar" ｝ ｝ 使用: Foo. Foo() //输出Foo println(Foo.bar) //输出bar

B.新的Kotlin方式

直接在文件上声明，而不需要在.kt文件上使用类。 fun foo() = println(" foo ") Val bar ="bar" 使用方法/变量的名称。(导入后) 使用: foo() //输出foo println(bar) //输出bar

尽管这是2年多一点的现在，并有很多伟大的答案，我看到一些其他的方法得到“静态”Kotlin字段的缺失。下面是Kotlin-Java静态互操作的示例指南:

Scenario 1: Creating a static method in Kotlin for Java Kotlin @file:JvmName("KotlinClass") //This provides a name for this file, so it's not defaulted as [KotlinClassKt] in Java package com.frybits class KotlinClass { companion object { //This annotation tells Java classes to treat this method as if it was a static to [KotlinClass] @JvmStatic fun foo(): Int = 1 //Without it, you would have to use [KotlinClass.Companion.bar()] to use this method. fun bar(): Int = 2 } } Java package com.frybits; class JavaClass { void someFunction() { println(KotlinClass.foo()); //Prints "1" println(KotlinClass.Companion.bar()); //Prints "2". This is the only way to use [bar()] in Java. println(KotlinClass.Companion.foo()); //To show that [Companion] is still the holder of the function [foo()] } //Because I'm way to lazy to keep typing [System.out], but I still want this to be compilable. void println(Object o) { System.out.println(o); } }

Michael Anderson的回答提供了更多的深度，在这种情况下绝对应该参考。

下一个场景处理在Kotlin中创建静态字段，这样Java就不必在不需要静态函数的情况下一直调用KotlinClass.foo()。

Scenario 2: Creating a static variable in Kotlin for Java Kotlin @file:JvmName("KotlinClass") //This provides a name for this file, so it's not defaulted as [KotlinClassKt] in Java package com.frybits class KotlinClass { companion object { //This annotation tells Kotlin to not generate the getter/setter functions in Java. Instead, this variable should be accessed directly //Also, this is similar to [@JvmStatic], in which it tells Java to treat this as a static variable to [KotlinClass]. @JvmField var foo: Int = 1 //If you want something akin to [final static], and the value is a primitive or a String, you can use the keyword [const] instead //No annotation is needed to make this a field of [KotlinClass]. If the declaration is a non-primitive/non-String, use @JvmField instead const val dog: Int = 1 //This will be treated as a member of the [Companion] object only. It generates the getter/setters for it. var bar: Int = 2 //We can still use [@JvmStatic] for 'var' variables, but it generates getter/setters as functions of KotlinClass //If we use 'val' instead, it only generates a getter function @JvmStatic var cat: Int = 9 } } Java package com.frybits; class JavaClass { void someFunction() { //Example using @JvmField println(KotlinClass.foo); //Prints "1" KotlinClass.foo = 3; //Example using 'const val' println(KotlinClass.dog); //Prints "1". Notice the lack of a getter function //Example of not using either @JvmField, @JvmStatic, or 'const val' println(KotlinClass.Companion.getBar()); //Prints "2" KotlinClass.Companion.setBar(3); //The setter for [bar] //Example of using @JvmStatic instead of @JvmField println(KotlinClass.getCat()); KotlinClass.setCat(0); } void println(Object o) { System.out.println(o); } }

Kotlin的一个伟大特性是您可以创建顶级函数和变量。这使得创建常量字段和函数的“无类”列表变得非常好，而这些列表又可以用作Java中的静态函数/字段。

Scenario 3: Accessing top level fields and functions in Kotlin from Java Kotlin //In this example, the file name is "KSample.kt". If this annotation wasn't provided, all functions and fields would have to accessed //using the name [KSampleKt.foo()] to utilize them in Java. Make life easier for yourself, and name this something more simple @file:JvmName("KotlinUtils") package com.frybits //This can be called from Java as [KotlinUtils.TAG]. This is a final static variable const val TAG = "You're it!" //Since this is a top level variable and not part of a companion object, there's no need to annotate this as "static" to access in Java. //However, this can only be utilized using getter/setter functions var foo = 1 //This lets us use direct access now @JvmField var bar = 2 //Since this is calculated at runtime, it can't be a constant, but it is still a final static variable. Can't use "const" here. val GENERATED_VAL:Long = "123".toLong() //Again, no need for @JvmStatic, since this is not part of a companion object fun doSomethingAwesome() { println("Everything is awesome!") } Java package com.frybits; class JavaClass { void someFunction() { println(KotlinUtils.TAG); //Example of printing [TAG] //Example of not using @JvmField. println(KotlinUtils.getFoo()); //Prints "1" KotlinUtils.setFoo(3); //Example using @JvmField println(KotlinUtils.bar); //Prints "2". Notice the lack of a getter function KotlinUtils.bar = 3; //Since this is a top level variable, no need for annotations to use this //But it looks awkward without the @JvmField println(KotlinUtils.getGENERATED_VAL()); //This is how accessing a top level function looks like KotlinUtils.doSomethingAwesome(); } void println(Object o) { System.out.println(o); } }

另一个值得注意的可以在Java中作为“静态”字段使用的是Kotlin对象类。这些是在第一次使用时惰性实例化的零参数单例类。更多信息可以在这里找到:https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/object-declarations.html#object-declarations

但是，要访问单例对象，需要创建一个特殊的INSTANCE对象，处理它和处理Companion一样麻烦。下面是如何在Java中使用注释来给它一种干净的静态感觉:

Scenario 4: Using object classes Kotlin @file:JvmName("KotlinClass") //This provides a name for this file, so it's not defaulted as [KotlinClassKt] in Java package com.frybits object KotlinClass { //No need for the 'class' keyword here. //Direct access to this variable const val foo: Int = 1 //Tells Java this can be accessed directly from [KotlinClass] @JvmStatic var cat: Int = 9 //Just a function that returns the class name @JvmStatic fun getCustomClassName(): String = this::class.java.simpleName + "boo!" //Getter/Setter access to this variable, but isn't accessible directly from [KotlinClass] var bar: Int = 2 fun someOtherFunction() = "What is 'INSTANCE'?" } Java package com.frybits; class JavaClass { void someFunction() { println(KotlinClass.foo); //Direct read of [foo] in [KotlinClass] singleton println(KotlinClass.getCat()); //Getter of [cat] KotlinClass.setCat(0); //Setter of [cat] println(KotlinClass.getCustomClassName()); //Example of using a function of this 'object' class println(KotlinClass.INSTANCE.getBar()); //This is what the singleton would look like without using annotations KotlinClass.INSTANCE.setBar(23); println(KotlinClass.INSTANCE.someOtherFunction()); //Accessing a function in the object class without using annotations } void println(Object o) { System.out.println(o); } }

你把函数放在“同伴对象”中。

java代码是这样的:

class Foo {
  public static int a() { return 1; }
}

将成为

class Foo {
  companion object {
     fun a() : Int = 1
  }
}

然后，您可以在Kotlin代码中作为

Foo.a();

但是在Java代码中，您需要将其调用为

Foo.Companion.a();

(也可以在Kotlin内部工作。)

如果您不喜欢指定Companion位，您可以添加@JvmStatic注释或命名您的Companion类。

从文档中可以看出:

Companion Objects An object declaration inside a class can be marked with the companion keyword: class MyClass { companion object Factory { fun create(): MyClass = MyClass() } } Members of the companion object can be called by using simply the class name as the qualifier: val instance = MyClass.create() ... However, on the JVM you can have members of companion objects generated as real static methods and fields, if you use the @JvmStatic annotation. See the Java interoperability section for more details.

添加@JvmStatic注释如下所示

class Foo {
  companion object {
    @JvmStatic
    fun a() : Int = 1;
  }
}

然后它将作为一个真正的Java静态函数存在，从 Java和Kotlin的Foo.a()。

如果只是不喜欢Companion名称，那么也可以 为同伴对象提供一个显式的名称，如下所示:

class Foo {
  companion object Blah {
    fun a() : Int = 1;
  }
}

这将让您以同样的方式从Kotlin调用它，但是 来自java，如Foo.Blah.a()(这也可以在Kotlin中工作)。

让，你有一个班级学生。你有一个静态方法getUniversityName()和一个静态字段totalStudent。

你应该在你的类中声明同伴对象块。

companion object {
 // define static method & field here.
}

然后你的类看起来像

    class Student(var name: String, var city: String, var rollNumber: Double = 0.0) {

    // use companion object structure
    companion object {

        // below method will work as static method
        fun getUniversityName(): String = "MBSTU"

        // below field will work as static field
        var totalStudent = 30
    }
}

然后你可以像这样使用那些静态方法和字段。

println("University : " + Student.getUniversityName() + ", Total Student: " + Student.totalStudent)
    // Output:
    // University : MBSTU, Total Student: 30

除了迈克尔安德森的回答，我在我的项目中有其他两种编码方式。

第一:

你可以把所有变量白到一个类。 创建一个名为Const的kotlin文件

object Const {
    const val FIRST_NAME_1 = "just"
    const val LAST_NAME_1 = "YuMu"
}

您可以在kotlin和java代码中使用它

 Log.d("stackoverflow", Const.FIRST_NAME_1)

第二:

您可以使用Kotlin的扩展函数 创建了一个名为Ext的kotlin文件，下面的代码是Ext文件中的所有代码

package pro.just.yumu

/**
 * Created by lpf on 2020-03-18.
 */

const val FIRST_NAME = "just"
const val LAST_NAME = "YuMu"

你可以在kotlin代码中使用它

 Log.d("stackoverflow", FIRST_NAME)

您可以在java代码中使用它

 Log.d("stackoverflow", ExtKt.FIRST_NAME);

java静态方法到kotlin等效方法的确切转换如下所示。例:这里util类有一个静态方法，它在java和kotlin中都是等效的。@JvmStatic的使用非常重要。

Java代码:

    class Util{
         public static String capitalize(String text){
         return text.toUpperCase();}
       }

芬兰湾的科特林代码:

    class Util {
        companion object {
            @JvmStatic
            fun capitalize(text:String): String {
                return text.toUpperCase()
            }
        }
    }