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2023-07-03 07:00:04

HTML5最佳实践;部分/头/ /条元素

网络上有足够多关于HTML5的信息(stackoverflow上也有)，但现在我对“最佳实践”很好奇。像section/headers/article这样的标签是新的，每个人都有不同的意见，关于何时/何处应该使用这些标签。你们觉得下面的布局和代码怎么样?

  1  <!doctype html>
  2      <head>
  3          <title>Website</title>
  4      </head>
  5  
  6      <body>
  7          <section>
  8              <header>
  9                  <div id="logo"></div>
 10                  <div id="language"></div>
 11              </header>
 12  
 13              <nav>
 14                  <ul>
 15                      <li>menu 1</li>
 16                      <li>menu 2</li>
 17                      <li>menu 3</li>
 18                      <li>menu 4</li>
 19                      <li>menu 5</li>
 20                  </ul>
 21              </nav>
 22  
 23              <div id="main">
 24                  <div id="main-left">
 25                      <article>
 26                          <header><h1>This is a title</h1></header>
 27  
 28                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
 29                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
 30  
 31                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
 32                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
 33  
 34                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
 35                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
 36  
 37                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
 38                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
 39                      </article>
 40                  </div>
 41  
 42                  <div id="main-right">
 43                      <section id="main-right-hot">
 44                          <h2>Hot items</h2>
 45                          <ul>
 46                              <li>Lorem ipsum</li>
 47                              <li>dolor sit</li>
 48                              <li>...</li>
 49                          </ul>
 50                      </section>
 51  
 52                      <section id="main-right-new">
 53                          <h2>New items</h2>
 54                          <ul>
 55                              <li>Lorem ipsum</li>
 56                              <li>dolor sit</li>
 57                              <li>...</li>
 58                          </ul>
 59                      </section>
 60                  </div>
 61              </div>
 62  
 63              <div id="news-items">
 64                  <header><h2>The latest news</h2></header>
 65  
 66                  <div id="item_1">
 67                      <article>
 68                          <header>
 69                              <img src="#" title="titel artikel" />
 70                              <h3>Lorem ipsum .....</h3>
 71                          </header>
 72                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 73                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, </p>
 74                          <a href="#">Read more</a>
 75                      </article>
 76                  </div>
 77  
 78  
 79                  <div id="item_2">
 80                      <article>
 81                          <header>
 82                              <img src="#" title="titel artikel" />
 83                              <h3>Lorem ipsum .....</h3>
 84                          </header>
 85                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 86                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, </p>
 87                          <a href="#">Read more</a>
 88                      </article>
 89                  </div>
 90  
 91  
 92                  <div id="item_3">
 93                      <article>
 94                          <header>
 95                              <img src="#" title="titel artikel" />
 96                              <h3>Lorem ipsum .....</h3>
 97                          </header>
 98                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 99                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, </p>
100                          <a href="#">Read more</a>
101                      </article>
102                  </div>
103              </div>
104  
105              <footer>
106                  <ul>
107                      <li>menu 1</li>
108                      <li>menu 2</li>
109                      <li>menu 3</li>
110                      <li>menu 4</li>
111                      <li>menu 5</li>
112                  </ul>
113              </footer>
114          </section>
115      </body>
116  </html>

第7行。围绕整个网站的部分?还是只有div?

8号线。每个部分都以标题开始?

第23行。这个div对吗?或者这一定是一个部分?

第24行。用div分割左/右列。

行25。文章标签的正确位置?

第26行。你的h1-tag需要放在head -tag里面吗?

行43。内容与主要文章无关，所以我决定这是一个部分，而不是一个题外话。

行44。无头H2

线53。没有标头的节

第63行。Div与所有(不相关的)新闻项目

第64行。带有h2的标头

第65行。嗯，div还是section?或者删除这个div，只使用article标签

第105行。页脚:-)

当前回答

<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog">
 <header>
  <h1>Wake up sheeple!</h1>
  <p><a href="news.html">News</a> -
     <a href="blog.html">Blog</a> -
     <a href="forums.html">Forums</a></p>
  <p>Last Modified: <span itemprop="dateModified">2009-04-01</span></p>
  <nav>
   <h1>Navigation</h1>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="articles.html">Index of all articles</a></li>
    <li><a href="today.html">Things sheeple need to wake up for today</a></li>
    <li><a href="successes.html">Sheeple we have managed to wake</a></li>
   </ul>
  </nav>
 </header>
 <main>
  <article itemprop="blogPosts" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
   <header>
    <h1 itemprop="headline">My Day at the Beach</h1>
   </header>
   <div itemprop="articleBody">
    <p>Today I went to the beach and had a lot of fun.</p>
    ...more content...
   </div>
   <footer>
    <p>Posted <time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2009-10-10">Thursday</time>.</p>
   </footer>
  </article>
  ...more blog posts...
 </main>
 <footer>
  <p>Copyright ©
   <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2010</span>
   <span itemprop="copyrightHolder">The Example Company</span>
  </p>
  <p><a href="about.html">About</a> -
     <a href="policy.html">Privacy Policy</a> -
     <a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a></p>
 </footer>
</body>

参考:nav元素

2018-05-28 01:40:35

其他回答

<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog">
 <header>
  <h1>Wake up sheeple!</h1>
  <p><a href="news.html">News</a> -
     <a href="blog.html">Blog</a> -
     <a href="forums.html">Forums</a></p>
  <p>Last Modified: <span itemprop="dateModified">2009-04-01</span></p>
  <nav>
   <h1>Navigation</h1>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="articles.html">Index of all articles</a></li>
    <li><a href="today.html">Things sheeple need to wake up for today</a></li>
    <li><a href="successes.html">Sheeple we have managed to wake</a></li>
   </ul>
  </nav>
 </header>
 <main>
  <article itemprop="blogPosts" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
   <header>
    <h1 itemprop="headline">My Day at the Beach</h1>
   </header>
   <div itemprop="articleBody">
    <p>Today I went to the beach and had a lot of fun.</p>
    ...more content...
   </div>
   <footer>
    <p>Posted <time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2009-10-10">Thursday</time>.</p>
   </footer>
  </article>
  ...more blog posts...
 </main>
 <footer>
  <p>Copyright ©
   <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2010</span>
   <span itemprop="copyrightHolder">The Example Company</span>
  </p>
  <p><a href="about.html">About</a> -
     <a href="policy.html">Privacy Policy</a> -
     <a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a></p>
 </footer>
</body>

参考:nav元素

2018-05-28 01:40:35

不幸的是，到目前为止给出的答案(包括投票最多的)要么是“只是”常识，要么是完全错误的，要么是令人困惑的。一个关键的关键词都没有出现!

我写了3个答案:

这个解释(从这里开始)。 具体回答OP的问题。 改进了详细的HTML。

要理解这里讨论的html元素的作用，您必须知道其中一些元素是文档的一部分。每个html文档都可以根据HTML5大纲算法进行分段，以便创建大纲-或-目录(TOC)。大纲通常是不可见的(现在)，但作者应该以这样一种方式使用html，从而使大纲反映他们的意图。

你可以只用这些元素创建section:

创建(显式)子节 < >部分部分 < >条部分 <导航>部分 除了< >部分 创建兄弟节或子节 带有<h*>2的未指定类型的section(并非所有都这样做，请参见下面) 关闭当前显式(子)节

section可以命名为:

<h*>创建的section自己命名 <section|article|nav|aside> section将由第一个<h*>命名(如果有的话) 这些<h*>是唯一不自己创建节的

关于分段还有一件事:以下上下文(即元素)创建了“轮廓边界”。它们包含的任何部分对它们来说都是私有的:

文档本身带有<body> 表<td>的单元格 < blockquote > <details>， <dialog>， <fieldset>， <figure> 没有其他的

example HTML <body> <h3>if you want siblings at top level...</h3> <h3>...you have to use untyped sections with <h*>...</h3> <article> <h1>...as any other section will descent</h1> </article> <nav> <ul> <li><a href=...>...</a></li> </ul> </nav> </body> has this outline 1. if you want siblings at top level... 2. ...you have to use untyped sections with <h*>... 2.1. ...as any other section will descent 2.2. (unnamed navigation)

这就提出了两个问题:

<article>和<section>之间有什么区别?

both can: be nested in each other take a different notion in a different context or nesting level <section>s are like book chapters they usually have siblings (maybe in a different document?) together they have something in common, like chapters in a book one author, one <article>, at least on the lowest level standard example: a single blog comment a blog entry itself is also a good example a blog entry <article> and its comment <article>s could also be wrapped with an <article> it’s some "complete" thing, not a part in a series of similar <section>s in an <article> are like chapters in a book <article>s in a <section> are like poems in a volume (within a series)

<页眉>，<页脚>和<主>适合吗?

they have zero influence on sectioning <header> and <footer> they allow you to mark zones of each and every section even within a section you can have them several times to differentiate from the main part in this section limited only by the author’s taste <header> may mark the title/name of this section may contain a logo for this section has no need to be at the top or upper part of the section <footer> may mark the credits/author of this section can come at the top of the section can even be above a <header> <main> only allowed once marks the main part of the top level section (i.e. the document, <body> that is) subsections themselves have no markup for their main part <main> can even “hide” in some subsections of the document, while document’s <header> and <footer> can’t (that markup would mark header/footer of that subsection then) but it is not allowed in <article> sections3 helps to distinguish “the real thing” from document’s non-header, non-footer, non-main content, if that makes sense in your case...

1 .想到的是:提纲、算法、隐式分段 我用<h*>来表示<h1>， <h2>， <h3>， <h4>， <h5>和<h6> 在<aside>或<nav>中也不允许<main>，但这并不奇怪。-在效果上:<主>只能隐藏在(嵌套)下降<section>部分或出现在顶层，即<body>

2014-10-27 00:17:06

为什么不使用item_1, item_2等等。文章标签上的id ?是这样的:

<article id="item_1">
...
</article>
<article id="item_2">
...
</article>
...

似乎没有必要添加包装器div。ID值在HTML中没有语义意义，所以我认为这样做是完全有效的——您不是说第一篇文章总是item_1，只是当前页面上下文中的item_1。id不需要具有任何独立于上下文的含义。

另外，至于你在第26行提出的问题，我认为这里不需要<header>标签，我认为你可以省略它，因为它在“main-left”div中是单独的。如果它在文章的主列表中，为了保持一致性，你可能想包括<header>标签。

2011-03-20 16:40:31

根据我在“主要”回答中的解释，所讨论的文件应该根据大纲标记出来。

在以下两个表中，我展示了:

原始HTML及其大纲 一个可能的大纲和HTML来做这个

original html (shortened) <body> <section> <header> <div id=logo></div> <div id=language></div> </header> <nav> ... </nav> <div id=main> <div id=main-left> <article> <header> <h1>The real thing</h1> </header> </article> </div> <div id=main-right> <section id=main-right-hot> <h2>Hot items</h2> </section> <section id=main-right-new> <h2>New items</h2> </section> </div> </div> <div id=news-items> <header> <h2>The latest news</h2> </header> <div id=item_1> <article> <header> <h3>...</h3> </header> <a>read more</a> </article> </div> <div id=item_2> <article> <header> <h3>...</h3> </header> <a>read more</a> </article> </div> <div id=item_3> <article> <header> <h3>...</h3> </header> <a>read more</a> </article> </div> </div> <footer> <ul><li>...</ul> </footer> </section> original html relevant for outline <body> <section> // logo and language <nav> ... </nav> <article> <h1>The real thing</h1> </article> <section> <h2>Hot items</h2> </section> <section> <h2>New items</h2> </section> <h2>The latest news</h2> <article> <h3>...</h3> </article> <article> <h3>...</h3> </article> <article> <h3>...</h3> </article> // footer links </section> resulting outline 1. (untitled document) 1.1. (untitled section) 1.1.1. (untitled navigation) 1.1.2. The real thing (h1) 1.1.3. Hot items (h2) 1.1.4. New items (h2) 1.1.5. The latest news (h2) 1.1.6. news item_1 (h3) 1.1.7. news item_2 (h3) 1.1.8. news item_3 (h3) The outline of the original is definitively not what was intended.

下表显示了我对改进版本的建议。我使用以下标记:

<删除> < NEW_OR_CHANGED_ELEMENT > <元素MOVED_ATTRIBUTE = 1 >

possible intended outline 1. (main) 1.1. The real thing 1.2. (hot&new) 1.2.1. Hot items 1.2.2. New items 2. The latest news 2.1. news item_1 2.2. news item_2 2.3. news item_3 modified html <body>  <section> <header> <ASIDE> <div id=logo></div> <div id=language></div> </ASIDE> </header> <nav> ... </nav> <ARTICLE id=main>   <div id=main-left> <article ID=main-left> <header> <h1>The real thing</h1> </header> </article>   </div> <ARTICLE id=main-right> <ARTICLE id=main-right-hot> <h2>Hot items</h2> </ARTICLE> <ARTICLE id=main-right-new> <h2>New items</h2> </ARTICLE> </ARTICLE> </ARTICE> <ARTICLE id=news-items> <header> <h2>The latest news</h2> </header>   <div id=item_1> <article ID=item_1> <header> <h3>...</h3> </header> <a>read more</a> </article>   </div>   <div id=item_2> <article ID=item_2> <header> <h3>...</h3> </header> <a>read more</a> </article>   </div>   <div id=item_3> <article ID=item_3> <header> <h3>...</h3> </header> <a>read more</a> </article>   </div> </ARTICLE> <footer> <NAV> <ul><li>...</ul> </NAV> </footer>  </section>`` resulting outline 1. (untitled document) 1.1. (untitled logo and lang) 1.2. (untitled navigation) 1.3. (untitled main) 1.3.1 The real thing 1.3.2. (untitled hot&new) 1.3.2.1. Hot items 1.3.2.2. New items 1.4. The latest news 1.4.1. news item_1 1.4.2. news item_2 1.4.3. news item_3 1.5. (untitled footer nav) The modified HTML reflects the intended outline way better than the original.

2014-10-29 22:57:36

编辑:不幸的是，我必须纠正自己。

请参考https://stackoverflow.com/a/17935666/2488942下面的w3规范链接，其中包括一个示例(与我前面看到的不同)。

但后来… 这里有一篇关于它的好文章，感谢@Fez。

我最初的回答是:

w3规范的结构方式:

4.3.4节 4.3.4.1体元素 4.3.4.2 section元素 4.3.4.3 nav元素 4.3.4.4 article元素 ．...

在我看来，这部分比文章的水平更高。如本回答部分所述，将主题相关的内容进行分组。在我看来，一篇文章中的内容无论如何都是与主题相关的，因此，至少对我来说，这也意味着与文章相比，章节组在更高的层次上。

我认为它应该是这样使用的:

section: Chapter 1
    nav: Ch. 1.1
         Ch. 1.2

    article: Ch. 1.1
             some insightful text

    article: Ch. 1.2
             related to 1.1 but different topic

或者对于新闻网站来说:

section: News
    article: This happened today
    article: this happened in England

section: Sports
    article: England - Ukraine 0:0
    article: Italy books tickets to Brazil 2014
2013-09-10 23:18:56

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