网络上有足够多关于HTML5的信息(stackoverflow上也有)，但现在我对“最佳实践”很好奇。像section/headers/article这样的标签是新的，每个人都有不同的意见，关于何时/何处应该使用这些标签。你们觉得下面的布局和代码怎么样?
1 <!doctype html>
2 <head>
3 <title>Website</title>
4 </head>
5
6 <body>
7 <section>
8 <header>
9 <div id="logo"></div>
10 <div id="language"></div>
11 </header>
12
13 <nav>
14 <ul>
15 <li>menu 1</li>
16 <li>menu 2</li>
17 <li>menu 3</li>
18 <li>menu 4</li>
19 <li>menu 5</li>
20 </ul>
21 </nav>
22
23 <div id="main">
24 <div id="main-left">
25 <article>
26 <header><h1>This is a title</h1></header>
27
28 <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
29 adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
30
31 <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
32 adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
33
34 <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
35 adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
36
37 <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
38 adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
39 </article>
40 </div>
41
42 <div id="main-right">
43 <section id="main-right-hot">
44 <h2>Hot items</h2>
45 <ul>
46 <li>Lorem ipsum</li>
47 <li>dolor sit</li>
48 <li>...</li>
49 </ul>
50 </section>
51
52 <section id="main-right-new">
53 <h2>New items</h2>
54 <ul>
55 <li>Lorem ipsum</li>
56 <li>dolor sit</li>
57 <li>...</li>
58 </ul>
59 </section>
60 </div>
61 </div>
62
63 <div id="news-items">
64 <header><h2>The latest news</h2></header>
65
66 <div id="item_1">
67 <article>
68 <header>
69 <img src="#" title="titel artikel" />
70 <h3>Lorem ipsum .....</h3>
71 </header>
72 <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
73 adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, </p>
74 <a href="#">Read more</a>
75 </article>
76 </div>
77
78
79 <div id="item_2">
80 <article>
81 <header>
82 <img src="#" title="titel artikel" />
83 <h3>Lorem ipsum .....</h3>
84 </header>
85 <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
86 adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, </p>
87 <a href="#">Read more</a>
88 </article>
89 </div>
90
91
92 <div id="item_3">
93 <article>
94 <header>
95 <img src="#" title="titel artikel" />
96 <h3>Lorem ipsum .....</h3>
97 </header>
98 <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
99 adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, </p>
100 <a href="#">Read more</a>
101 </article>
102 </div>
103 </div>
104
105 <footer>
106 <ul>
107 <li>menu 1</li>
108 <li>menu 2</li>
109 <li>menu 3</li>
110 <li>menu 4</li>
111 <li>menu 5</li>
112 </ul>
113 </footer>
114 </section>
115 </body>
116 </html>
第7行。围绕整个网站的部分?还是只有div?
8号线。每个部分都以标题开始?
第23行。这个div对吗?或者这一定是一个部分?
第24行。用div分割左/右列。
行25。文章标签的正确位置?
第26行。你的h1-tag需要放在head -tag里面吗?
行43。内容与主要文章无关，所以我决定这是一个部分，而不是一个题外话。
行44。无头H2
线53。没有标头的节
第63行。Div与所有(不相关的)新闻项目
第64行。带有h2的标头
第65行。嗯，div还是section?或者删除这个div，只使用article标签
第105行。页脚:-)
事实上，当谈到页眉/页脚时，你是非常正确的。以下是关于如何使用主要HTML5标签的一些基本信息(我建议阅读底部链接的完整源代码):
section – Used for grouping together thematically-related content. Sounds like a div element, but it’s not. The div has no semantic meaning. Before replacing all your div’s with section elements, always ask yourself: “Is all of the content related?”
aside – Used for tangentially related content. Just because some content appears to the left or right of the main content isn’t enough reason to use the aside element. Ask yourself if the content within the aside can be removed without reducing the meaning of the main content. Pullquotes are an example of tangentially related content.
header – There is a crucial difference between the header element and the general accepted usage of header (or masthead). There’s usually only one header or ‘masthead’ in a page. In HTML5 you can have as many as you want. The spec defines it as “a group of introductory or navigational aids”. You can use a header in any section on your site. In fact, you probably should use a header within most of your sections. The spec describes the section element as “a thematic grouping of content, typically with a heading.”
nav – Intended for major navigation information. A group of links grouped together isn’t enough reason to use the nav element. Site-wide navigation, on the other hand belongs in a nav element.
footer – Sounds like its a description of the position, but its not. Footer elements contain informations about its containing element: who wrote it, copyright, links to related content, etc. Whereas we usually have one footer for an entire document, HTML5 allows us to also have footer within sections.
Source: https://clzd.me/html5-section-aside-header-nav-footer-elements-not-as-obvious-as-they-sound/
此外，这里有一个关于文章的描述，在上面的源代码中没有找到:
article -用于指定独立的、自成体系的内容的元素。一篇文章本身就应该有意义。在用文章元素替换所有div元素之前，一定要问问自己:“它是否可能独立于网站的其他部分阅读?”
主要的错误是:你在整个文档中都有“divitis”。为什么呢?
<header>
<div id="logo"></div>
<div id="language"></div>
</header>
而不是:
<header role="banner">
<!-- Not the best -->
<h1 id="logo"></h1> <!-- or <figure> and <figcaption>, or <h1> and <p>... -->
<h2 id="language"></h2>
<!-- Better, if the IDs have not semantic sense -->
<h1></h1>
<h2></h2>
</header>
使用CSS层次结构:body > section > header > h1, body > section > header > h2
更多,…第63行:为什么头包装h2??如果在header中没有包含更多的元素，只使用一个h2。请记住，您的结构不是对文档进行风格化，而是构造一个自解释的文档。
将此应用于文档的其余部分;
祝你好运;)
不幸的是，到目前为止给出的答案(包括投票最多的)要么是“只是”常识，要么是完全错误的，要么是令人困惑的。一个关键的关键词都没有出现!
我写了3个答案:
这个解释(从这里开始)。
具体回答OP的问题。
改进了详细的HTML。
要理解这里讨论的html元素的作用，您必须知道其中一些元素是文档的一部分。每个html文档都可以根据HTML5大纲算法进行分段，以便创建大纲-或-目录(TOC)。大纲通常是不可见的(现在)，但作者应该以这样一种方式使用html，从而使大纲反映他们的意图。
你可以只用这些元素创建section:
创建(显式)子节
< >部分部分
< >条部分
<导航>部分
除了< >部分
创建兄弟节或子节
带有<h*>2的未指定类型的section(并非所有都这样做，请参见下面)
关闭当前显式(子)节
section可以命名为:
<h*>创建的section自己命名
<section|article|nav|aside> section将由第一个<h*>命名(如果有的话)
这些<h*>是唯一不自己创建节的
关于分段还有一件事:以下上下文(即元素)创建了“轮廓边界”。它们包含的任何部分对它们来说都是私有的:
文档本身带有<body>
表<td>的单元格
< blockquote >
<details>， <dialog>， <fieldset>， <figure>
没有其他的
example HTML
<body>
<h3>if you want siblings
at top level...</h3>
<h3>...you have to use untyped
sections with <h*>...</h3>
<article>
<h1>...as any other section
will descent</h1>
</article>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href=...>...</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</body>
has this outline
1. if you want siblings
at top level...
2. ...you have to use untyped
sections with <h*>...
2.1. ...as any other section
will descent
2.2. (unnamed navigation)
这就提出了两个问题:
<article>和<section>之间有什么区别?
both can:
be nested in each other
take a different notion in a different context or nesting level
<section>s are like book chapters
they usually have siblings (maybe in a different document?)
together they have something in common, like chapters in a book
one author, one <article>, at least on the lowest level
standard example: a single blog comment
a blog entry itself is also a good example
a blog entry <article> and its comment <article>s could also be wrapped with an <article>
it’s some "complete" thing, not a part in a series of similar
<section>s in an <article> are like chapters in a book
<article>s in a <section> are like poems in a volume (within a series)
<页眉>，<页脚>和<主>适合吗?
they have zero influence on sectioning
<header> and <footer>
they allow you to mark zones of each and every section
even within a section you can have them several times
to differentiate from the main part in this section
limited only by the author’s taste
<header>
may mark the title/name of this section
may contain a logo for this section
has no need to be at the top or upper part of the section
<footer>
may mark the credits/author of this section
can come at the top of the section
can even be above a <header>
<main>
only allowed once
marks the main part of the top level section (i.e. the document, <body> that is)
subsections themselves have no markup for their main part
<main> can even “hide” in some subsections of the document, while document’s <header> and <footer> can’t (that markup would mark header/footer of that subsection then)
but it is not allowed in <article> sections3
helps to distinguish “the real thing” from document’s non-header, non-footer, non-main content, if that makes sense in your case...
1 .想到的是:提纲、算法、隐式分段
我用<h*>来表示<h1>， <h2>， <h3>， <h4>， <h5>和<h6>
在<aside>或<nav>中也不允许<main>，但这并不奇怪。-在效果上:<主>只能隐藏在(嵌套)下降<section>部分或出现在顶层，即<body>
事实上，当谈到页眉/页脚时，你是非常正确的。以下是关于如何使用主要HTML5标签的一些基本信息(我建议阅读底部链接的完整源代码):
section – Used for grouping together thematically-related content. Sounds like a div element, but it’s not. The div has no semantic meaning. Before replacing all your div’s with section elements, always ask yourself: “Is all of the content related?”
aside – Used for tangentially related content. Just because some content appears to the left or right of the main content isn’t enough reason to use the aside element. Ask yourself if the content within the aside can be removed without reducing the meaning of the main content. Pullquotes are an example of tangentially related content.
header – There is a crucial difference between the header element and the general accepted usage of header (or masthead). There’s usually only one header or ‘masthead’ in a page. In HTML5 you can have as many as you want. The spec defines it as “a group of introductory or navigational aids”. You can use a header in any section on your site. In fact, you probably should use a header within most of your sections. The spec describes the section element as “a thematic grouping of content, typically with a heading.”
nav – Intended for major navigation information. A group of links grouped together isn’t enough reason to use the nav element. Site-wide navigation, on the other hand belongs in a nav element.
footer – Sounds like its a description of the position, but its not. Footer elements contain informations about its containing element: who wrote it, copyright, links to related content, etc. Whereas we usually have one footer for an entire document, HTML5 allows us to also have footer within sections.
Source: https://clzd.me/html5-section-aside-header-nav-footer-elements-not-as-obvious-as-they-sound/
此外，这里有一个关于文章的描述，在上面的源代码中没有找到:
article -用于指定独立的、自成体系的内容的元素。一篇文章本身就应该有意义。在用文章元素替换所有div元素之前，一定要问问自己:“它是否可能独立于网站的其他部分阅读?”
