HTML5最佳实践;部分/头/ /条元素

网络上有足够多关于HTML5的信息(stackoverflow上也有)，但现在我对“最佳实践”很好奇。像section/headers/article这样的标签是新的，每个人都有不同的意见，关于何时/何处应该使用这些标签。你们觉得下面的布局和代码怎么样?

  1  <!doctype html>
  2      <head>
  3          <title>Website</title>
  4      </head>
  5  
  6      <body>
  7          <section>
  8              <header>
  9                  <div id="logo"></div>
 10                  <div id="language"></div>
 11              </header>
 12  
 13              <nav>
 14                  <ul>
 15                      <li>menu 1</li>
 16                      <li>menu 2</li>
 17                      <li>menu 3</li>
 18                      <li>menu 4</li>
 19                      <li>menu 5</li>
 20                  </ul>
 21              </nav>
 22  
 23              <div id="main">
 24                  <div id="main-left">
 25                      <article>
 26                          <header><h1>This is a title</h1></header>
 27  
 28                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
 29                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
 30  
 31                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
 32                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
 33  
 34                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
 35                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
 36  
 37                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
 38                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, leo eget</p>
 39                      </article>
 40                  </div>
 41  
 42                  <div id="main-right">
 43                      <section id="main-right-hot">
 44                          <h2>Hot items</h2>
 45                          <ul>
 46                              <li>Lorem ipsum</li>
 47                              <li>dolor sit</li>
 48                              <li>...</li>
 49                          </ul>
 50                      </section>
 51  
 52                      <section id="main-right-new">
 53                          <h2>New items</h2>
 54                          <ul>
 55                              <li>Lorem ipsum</li>
 56                              <li>dolor sit</li>
 57                              <li>...</li>
 58                          </ul>
 59                      </section>
 60                  </div>
 61              </div>
 62  
 63              <div id="news-items">
 64                  <header><h2>The latest news</h2></header>
 65  
 66                  <div id="item_1">
 67                      <article>
 68                          <header>
 69                              <img src="#" title="titel artikel" />
 70                              <h3>Lorem ipsum .....</h3>
 71                          </header>
 72                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 73                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, </p>
 74                          <a href="#">Read more</a>
 75                      </article>
 76                  </div>
 77  
 78  
 79                  <div id="item_2">
 80                      <article>
 81                          <header>
 82                              <img src="#" title="titel artikel" />
 83                              <h3>Lorem ipsum .....</h3>
 84                          </header>
 85                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 86                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, </p>
 87                          <a href="#">Read more</a>
 88                      </article>
 89                  </div>
 90  
 91  
 92                  <div id="item_3">
 93                      <article>
 94                          <header>
 95                              <img src="#" title="titel artikel" />
 96                              <h3>Lorem ipsum .....</h3>
 97                          </header>
 98                          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 99                          adipiscing elit. Quisque semper, </p>
100                          <a href="#">Read more</a>
101                      </article>
102                  </div>
103              </div>
104  
105              <footer>
106                  <ul>
107                      <li>menu 1</li>
108                      <li>menu 2</li>
109                      <li>menu 3</li>
110                      <li>menu 4</li>
111                      <li>menu 5</li>
112                  </ul>
113              </footer>
114          </section>
115      </body>
116  </html>

第7行。围绕整个网站的部分?还是只有div?

8号线。每个部分都以标题开始?

第23行。这个div对吗?或者这一定是一个部分?

第24行。用div分割左/右列。

行25。文章标签的正确位置?

第26行。你的h1-tag需要放在head -tag里面吗?

行43。内容与主要文章无关，所以我决定这是一个部分，而不是一个题外话。

行44。无头H2

线53。没有标头的节

第63行。Div与所有(不相关的)新闻项目

第64行。带有h2的标头

第65行。嗯，div还是section?或者删除这个div，只使用article标签

第105行。页脚:-)

当前回答

我建议你阅读W3 wiki上关于HTML5结构的页面:

<header> Used to contain the header content of a site. <footer> Contains the footer content of a site. <nav> Contains the navigation menu, or other navigation functionality for the page. <article> Contains a standalone piece of content that would make sense if syndicated as an RSS item, for example a news item. <section> Used to either group different articles into different purposes or subjects, or to define the different sections of a single article. <aside> Defines a block of content that is related to the main content around it, but not central to the flow of it.

其中包括一张我在这里清理过的图片:

In code, this looks like so: <body> <header></header> <nav></nav> <section id="sidebar"></section> <section id="content"></section> <aside></aside> <footer></footer> </body> Let's explore some of the HTML5 elements in more detail. <section> The <section> element is for containing distinct different areas of functionality or subjects area, or breaking an article or story up into different sections. So in this case: "sidebar1" contains various useful links that will persist on every page of the site, such as "subscribe to RSS" and "Buy music from store". "main" contains the main content of this page, which is blog posts. On other pages of the site, this content will change. It is a fairly generic element, but still has way more semantic meaning than the plain old <div>. <article> <article> is related to <section>, but is distinctly different. Whereas <section> is for grouping distinct sections of content or functionality, <article> is for containing related individual standalone pieces of content, such as individual blog posts, videos, images or news items. Think of it this way - if you have a number of items of content, each of which would be suitable for reading on their own, and would make sense to syndicate as separate items in an RSS feed, then <article> is suitable for marking them up. In our example, <section id="main"> contains blog entries. Each blog entry would be suitable for syndicating as an item in an RSS feed, and would make sense when read on its own, out of context, therefore <article> is perfect for them: <section id="main"> <article></article> <article></article> <article></article> </section> Simple huh? Be aware though that you can also nest sections inside articles, where it makes sense to do so. For example, if each one of these blog posts has a consistent structure of distinct sections, then you could put sections inside your articles as well. It could look something like this: <article> <section id="introduction"></section> <section id="content"></section> <section id="summary"></section> </article> <header> and <footer> as we already mentioned above, the purpose of the <header> and <footer> elements is to wrap header and footer content, respectively. In our particular example the <header> element contains a logo image, and the <footer> element contains a copyright notice, but you could add more elaborate content if you wished. Also note that you can have more than one header and footer on each page - as well as the top level header and footer we have just discussed, you could also have a <header> and <footer> element nested inside each <article>, in which case they would just apply to that particular article. Adding to our above example: <article> <header></header> <section id="introduction"></section> <section id="content"></section> <section id="summary"></section> <footer></footer> </article> <nav> The <nav> element is for marking up the navigation links or other constructs (eg a search form) that will take you to different pages of the current site, or different areas of the current page. Other links, such as sponsored links, do not count. You can of course include headings and other structuring elements inside the <nav>, but it's not compulsory. <aside> you may have noticed that we used an <aside> element to markup the 2nd sidebar: the one containing latest gigs and contact details. This is perfectly appropriate, as <aside> is for marking up pieces of information that are related to the main flow, but don't fit in to it directly. And the main content in this case is all about the band! Other good choices for an <aside> would be information about the author of the blog post(s), a band biography, or a band discography with links to buy their albums. Where does that leave <div>? So, with all these great new elements to use on our pages, the days of the humble <div> are numbered, surely? NO. In fact, the <div> still has a perfectly valid use. You should use it when there is no other more suitable element available for grouping an area of content, which will often be when you are purely using an element to group content together for styling/visual purposes. A common example is using a <div> to wrap all of the content on the page, and then using CSS to centre all the content in the browser window, or apply a specific background image to the whole content.

2014-07-15 18:07:58

其他回答

这是我工作的例子

2014-08-24 12:20:53

为什么不使用item_1, item_2等等。文章标签上的id ?是这样的:

<article id="item_1">
...
</article>
<article id="item_2">
...
</article>
...

似乎没有必要添加包装器div。ID值在HTML中没有语义意义，所以我认为这样做是完全有效的——您不是说第一篇文章总是item_1，只是当前页面上下文中的item_1。id不需要具有任何独立于上下文的含义。

另外，至于你在第26行提出的问题，我认为这里不需要<header>标签，我认为你可以省略它，因为它在“main-left”div中是单独的。如果它在文章的主列表中，为了保持一致性，你可能想包括<header>标签。

2011-03-20 16:40:31

主要的错误是:你在整个文档中都有“divitis”。为什么呢?

<header>
    <div id="logo"></div>
    <div id="language"></div>
</header>

而不是:

<header role="banner">
    <!-- Not the best -->
    <h1 id="logo"></h1> <!-- or <figure> and <figcaption>, or <h1> and <p>... -->
    <h2 id="language"></h2>

    <!-- Better, if the IDs have not semantic sense -->
    <h1></h1>
    <h2></h2>
</header>

使用CSS层次结构:body > section > header > h1, body > section > header > h2

更多,…第63行:为什么头包装h2??如果在header中没有包含更多的元素，只使用一个h2。请记住，您的结构不是对文档进行风格化，而是构造一个自解释的文档。

将此应用于文档的其余部分; 祝你好运;)

2012-02-08 23:10:40

[我的“主要答案”中的解释]

第7行。围绕整个网站的部分?还是只有div?

既不。样式:使用<body>，它已经在那里了。对于section /semantics:正如我的示例HTML中所详细描述的那样，它的效果与实用性相反。对已经包装的内容使用额外的包装器并没有改善，只会产生噪音。

8号线。每个部分都以标题开始?

不，在哪里放置通常被总结为“标题”的内容是作者的选择。如果该标题内容无需额外标记即可清晰识别，则可以完全保留没有<header>的内容。这也是作者的选择。

第23行。这个div对吗?或者这一定是一个部分?

<div>可能是错误的。这取决于你的意图:是否只是为了设计样式，它可能是正确的。如果是出于语义目的，那就错了:它应该是<article>，而不是像我的另一个答案所示的那样。<article>也是正确的，如果它同时用于样式化和分段。

<section>在这里看起来错误，因为在这个之前或之后没有类似的部分，就像一本书中的章节一样。(这是<section>的目的)。

第24行。用div分割左/右列。

不。为什么?

行25。文章标签的正确位置?

是的，有道理。

第26行。你的h1-tag需要放在head -tag里面吗?

不。单独的<h*>元素可能永远不需要放在<header>中(但如果你想的话，它可以)，因为它已经很清楚地表明它是即将到来的内容的标题。例如，如果<header>还包含一个标语行(用<p>标记)，这是有意义的。

行43。内容与主要文章无关，所以我决定这是一个部分，而不是一个题外话。

<aside>必须与周围的内容“切线相关”，这是一种误解。关键是:如果内容只是“切线相关”或根本不相关，则使用<aside> !

尽管如此，除了<aside>是一个不错的选择之外，<article>可能仍然比<section>更好，因为“热门项目”和“新项目”不应该像一本书中的两个章节一样阅读。你完全可以选择其中一个，而不是另一个就像对一个东西的另一种排序，而不是一个整体的两个部分。

行44。无头H2

是伟大的。

线53。没有标头的节

好吧，这里没有<header>，但是<h2>-heading清楚地显示了这部分中的哪个部分是头文件。

第63行。Div与所有(不相关的)新闻项目

<article>或<aside>可能更好。

第64行。带有h2的标头

讨论了。

第65行。嗯，div还是section?或者删除这个div，只使用article标签

完全正确!删除<div>.;

第105行。页脚:-)

很合理。

2014-11-02 03:58:02

我认为你不应该在新闻摘要中使用标签(第67、80、93行)。可以使用section，也可以使用div。

一篇文章需要能够站在自己&仍然有意义或完整。由于它不完整或只是一个摘录，它不可能是一篇文章，它更像是一个章节。

当你点击“阅读更多”的后续页面可以

2011-07-19 11:38:23

HTML5最佳实践;部分/头/ /条元素

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