下面是一个未弃用的版本。我修改了原始版本，删除了不推荐使用的功能。

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/*
 * Created on Oct 6, 2004
 */
package tools;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;

/**
 * Useful class for dynamically changing the classpath, adding classes during runtime. 
 */
public class ClasspathHacker {
    /**
     * Parameters of the method to add an URL to the System classes. 
     */
    private static final Class<?>[] parameters = new Class[]{URL.class};

    /**
     * Adds a file to the classpath.
     * @param s a String pointing to the file
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void addFile(String s) throws IOException {
        File f = new File(s);
        addFile(f);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a file to the classpath
     * @param f the file to be added
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void addFile(File f) throws IOException {
        addURL(f.toURI().toURL());
    }

    /**
     * Adds the content pointed by the URL to the classpath.
     * @param u the URL pointing to the content to be added
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void addURL(URL u) throws IOException {
        URLClassLoader sysloader = (URLClassLoader)ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        Class<?> sysclass = URLClassLoader.class;
        try {
            Method method = sysclass.getDeclaredMethod("addURL",parameters);
            method.setAccessible(true);
            method.invoke(sysloader,new Object[]{ u }); 
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            t.printStackTrace();
            throw new IOException("Error, could not add URL to system classloader");
        }        
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException, SecurityException, ClassNotFoundException, IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException{
        addFile("C:\\dynamicloading.jar");
        Constructor<?> cs = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass("test.DymamicLoadingTest").getConstructor(String.class);
        DymamicLoadingTest instance = (DymamicLoadingTest)cs.newInstance();
        instance.test();
    }
}

困难的原因在于安全。类加载器是不可变的;您不应该在运行时随意地向它添加类。我很惊讶它能与系统类加载器一起工作。下面是如何创建你自己的子类加载器:

URLClassLoader child = new URLClassLoader(
        new URL[] {myJar.toURI().toURL()},
        this.getClass().getClassLoader()
);
Class classToLoad = Class.forName("com.MyClass", true, child);
Method method = classToLoad.getDeclaredMethod("myMethod");
Object instance = classToLoad.newInstance();
Object result = method.invoke(instance);

很痛苦，但事实就是这样。

另一个来自Allain的黑客解决方案版本，也适用于JDK 11:

File file = ...
URL url = file.toURI().toURL();
URLClassLoader sysLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[0]);

Method sysMethod = URLClassLoader.class.getDeclaredMethod("addURL", new Class[]{URL.class});
sysMethod.setAccessible(true);
sysMethod.invoke(sysLoader, new Object[]{url});

在JDK 11上，它给出了一些弃用警告，但对于那些在JDK 11上使用Allain解决方案的人来说，它只是一个临时解决方案。

虽然这里列出的大多数解决方案要么是hack(在JDK 9之前)难以配置(代理)，要么就是不再工作(在JDK 9之后)，但我发现没有人提到一个清晰的文档化方法，这真的很令人惊讶。

您可以创建一个自定义系统类装入器，然后您可以自由地做任何您想做的事情。不需要反射，所有类共享相同的类加载器。

当启动JVM时添加这个标志:

java -Djava.system.class.loader=com.example.MyCustomClassLoader

类加载器必须有一个接受类加载器的构造函数，必须将类加载器设置为父类加载器。构造函数将在JVM启动时调用，真正的系统类加载器将被传递，主类将由自定义加载器加载。

要添加jar，只需调用ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()并将其转换为您的类。

请查看此实现，以获得精心制作的类装入器。请注意，您可以将add()方法更改为public。

如果你在Android上工作，下面的代码可以工作:

String jarFile = "path/to/jarfile.jar";
DexClassLoader classLoader = new DexClassLoader(jarFile, "/data/data/" + context.getPackageName() + "/", null, getClass().getClassLoader());
Class<?> myClass = classLoader.loadClass("MyClass");

另一个使用Instrumentation的工作解决方案对我来说是有效的。它的优点是修改类加载器搜索，避免了依赖类可见性的问题:

创建代理类

对于这个例子，它必须在命令行调用的同一个jar上:

package agent;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation;
import java.util.jar.JarFile;

public class Agent {
   public static Instrumentation instrumentation;

   public static void premain(String args, Instrumentation instrumentation) {
      Agent.instrumentation = instrumentation;
   }

   public static void agentmain(String args, Instrumentation instrumentation) {
      Agent.instrumentation = instrumentation;
   }

   public static void appendJarFile(JarFile file) throws IOException {
      if (instrumentation != null) {
         instrumentation.appendToSystemClassLoaderSearch(file);
      }
   }
}

修改MANIFEST。曼氏金融

添加对代理的引用:

Launcher-Agent-Class: agent.Agent
Agent-Class: agent.Agent
Premain-Class: agent.Agent

我实际上使用Netbeans，所以这篇文章有助于如何更改manifest.mf

运行

Launcher-Agent-Class仅在JDK 9+上支持，负责加载代理，而无需在命令行上显式定义:

 java -jar <your jar>

JDK 6+的工作方式是定义-javaagent参数:

java -javaagent:<your jar> -jar <your jar>

在运行时添加新的Jar

然后，您可以根据需要使用以下命令添加jar:

Agent.appendJarFile(new JarFile(<your file>));

我在文档中没有发现任何问题。