这个问题没有明确的答案，因为“软件架构”和“软件设计”有相当多的定义，而且都没有一个规范的定义。

一个很好的思考方法是Len Bass, Paul Clements和Rick Kazman的声明，“所有的架构都是设计，但并不是所有的设计都是架构”[软件架构实践]。我不确定我是否完全同意这一点(因为架构可以包括其他活动)，但它抓住了架构是处理设计的关键子集的设计活动的本质。

我的稍微轻率的定义(在SEI定义页面上找到)是，它是一组决策，如果做出错误的决定，将导致项目被取消。

A useful attempt at separating architecture, design and implementation as concepts was done by Amnon Eden and Rick Kazman some years ago in a research paper entitled "Architecture, Design, Implementation" which can be found here: http://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/assets/ICSE03-1.pdf. Their language is quite abstract but simplistically they say that architecture is design that can be used in many contexts and is meant to be applied across the system, design is (err) design that can be used in many contexts but is applied in a specific part of the system, and implementation is design specific to a context and applied in that context.

So an architectural decision could be a decision to integrate the system via messaging rather than RPC (so it's a general principle that could be applied in many places and is intended to apply to the whole system), a design decision might be to use a master/slave thread structure in the input request handling module of the system (a general principle that could be used anywhere but in this case is just used in one module) and finally, an implementation decision might be to move responsibilities for security from the Request Router to the Request Handler in the Request Manager module (a decision relevant only to that context, used in that context).

我希望这能有所帮助!

当您需要将较高体系结构级别识别的业务和功能投射到应用程序中时，软件体系结构最好用于系统级。

例如，你的业务是关于交易员的“盈亏”，你的主要功能涉及“投资组合评估”和“风险计算”。

但是当软件架构师详细描述他的解决方案时，他会意识到:

“投资组合评估”不能只是一个应用程序。它需要在可管理的项目中进行细化，例如:

GUI 发射器 调度程序 .．.

(因为涉及的操作太大了，需要在几台计算机之间进行拆分，同时仍然可以通过一个通用的GUI随时监控)

软件设计将检查不同的应用程序，它们的技术关系和内部子组件。 它将产生最后一个体系结构层(“技术体系结构”)工作所需的规范(根据技术框架或横向组件)，以及项目团队(更面向业务功能的实现)开始各自的项目所需的规范。

...long time ago in a faraway place philosophers worried about the distinction between the one and the many. Architecture is about relationship, which requires the many. Architecture has components. Design is about content, which requires the one. Design has properties, qualities, characteristics. We typically think that design is within architecture. Dualistic thinking gives the many as primordial. But architecture is also within design. It's all how we choose to view what is before us - the one or the many.

Cliff Notes版本:

设计:根据所需产品的规格实现解决方案。

架构:支持设计的基础/工具/基础设施/组件。

这是一个相当宽泛的问题，会引起很多人的回应。

以下是可能更详细地解释体系结构的参考资料和软件体系结构的UML图列表。(我找不到用于软件设计的UML图列表)

Grady Booch

在架构模型中使用UML 2图

UML图的分类

UML图的分类

即使在发布了这个答案之后，我自己也不清楚哪个图是用于架构的，哪个图是用于设计的:)。Grady Booch在他的第58张幻灯片中指出，类、接口和协作是设计视图的一部分，而这个设计视图是架构视图的一部分!!

建筑与设计密切相关;它们之间的主要区别在于我们面对的方向。 建筑面向战略、结构和目的，面向抽象。 设计面向实现与实践，面向具体。