有人能解释一下软件设计和软件架构的区别吗?
更具体地说;如果你让别人给你展示“设计”——你希望他们展示什么?“建筑”也是如此。
我目前的理解是:
设计:系统特定模块/部分的UML图/流程图/简单线框(用于UI)
架构:组件图(显示系统的不同模块如何相互通信以及如何与其他系统通信),要使用什么语言,模式……?
如果我说错了,请指正。我提到了维基百科在http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design和http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_architecture上有文章,但我不确定我是否理解正确。
http://jinwolf.tumblr.com/post/6591954772/architectural-patterns-vs-design-patterns
架构告诉您系统是如何布局的。一个传统的体系结构模式示例是3层系统,其中系统被分解为表示层、业务层和数据层。
领域驱动的设计促进了4层架构。表示层、应用层、域层和基础结构层。存储库模式位于域层和基础结构层之间。你的领域模型不应该知道任何关于基础设施的信息,同时也应该保持纯粹并独立于基础设施。这就是为什么我们有存储库来协调这两层。
存储库模式仍然是一个模式,因为它是一个可重用的解决方案,可以处理重复出现的问题。然而,只有当我们讨论架构时,存储库模式才变得相关。它在领域驱动的设计体系结构中有自己的角色和职责。它不是数学类型的一般解决方案,例如抽象工厂模式,可以应用于系统中的任何地方。
我认为当我们讨论设计与架构时,我们应该使用下面的规则来确定:如果您创建的软件图的元素可以一一映射到编程语言的语法结构,那么就是设计,如果不是架构。
So, for example, if you are seeing a class diagram or a sequence diagram, you are able to map a class and their relationships to an Object Oriented Programming language using the Class syntactical construction. This is clearly Design. In addition, this might bring to the table that this discussion has a relation with the programming language you will use to implement a software system. If you use Java, the previous example applies, as Java is an Object Oriented Programming Language. If you come up with a diagram that shows packages and its dependencies, that is Design too. You can map the element (a package in this case) to a Java syntactical construction.
Now, suppose your Java application is divided in modules, and each module is a set of packages (represented as a jar file deployment unit), and you are presented with a diagram containing modules and its dependencies, then, that is Architecture. There isn’t a way in Java (at least not until Java 7) to map a module (a set of packages) to a syntactical construction. You might also notice that this diagram represents a step higher in the level of abstraction of your software model. Any diagram above (coarse grained than) a package diagram, represents an Architectural view when developing in the Java programming language. On the other hand, if you are developing in Modula-2, then, a module diagram represents a Design.
(摘自http://www.copypasteisforword.com/notes/software-architecture-vs-software-design)