在现代c++ 11 / c++ 14 / c++ 17和未来的c++ 20中，enum为字符串

与其他类似的问题不同，这个问题是关于如何使用c++的新特性。

2008 c Is there a simple way to convert C++ enum to string? 2008 c Easy way to use variables of enum types as string in C? 2008 c++ How to easily map c++ enums to strings 2008 c++ Making something both a C identifier and a string? 2008 c++ Is there a simple script to convert C++ enum to string? 2009 c++ How to use enums as flags in C++? 2011 c++ How to convert an enum type variable to a string? 2011 c++ Enum to String C++ 2011 c++ How to convert an enum type variable to a string? 2012 c How to convert enum names to string in c 2013 c Stringifying an conditionally compiled enum in C

看了很多答案后，我还没有找到:

优雅的方式使用c++ 11、c++ 14或c++ 17的新特性或者在Boost中使用一些现成的东西还有一些东西计划在c++ 20中实现

例子

举例往往比冗长的解释更好。您可以在Coliru上编译和运行这个代码片段。 (另一个前面的例子也可用)

#include <map>
#include <iostream>

struct MyClass
{
    enum class MyEnum : char {
        AAA = -8,
        BBB = '8',
        CCC = AAA + BBB
    };
};

// Replace magic() by some faster compile-time generated code
// (you're allowed to replace the return type with std::string
// if that's easier for you)
const char* magic (MyClass::MyEnum e)
{
    const std::map<MyClass::MyEnum,const char*> MyEnumStrings {
        { MyClass::MyEnum::AAA, "MyClass::MyEnum::AAA" },
        { MyClass::MyEnum::BBB, "MyClass::MyEnum::BBB" },
        { MyClass::MyEnum::CCC, "MyClass::MyEnum::CCC" }
    };
    auto   it  = MyEnumStrings.find(e);
    return it == MyEnumStrings.end() ? "Out of range" : it->second;
}

int main()
{
   std::cout << magic(MyClass::MyEnum::AAA) <<'\n';
   std::cout << magic(MyClass::MyEnum::BBB) <<'\n';
   std::cout << magic(MyClass::MyEnum::CCC) <<'\n';
}

约束

请不要无价值的重复其他答案或基本链接。请避免基于宏的臃肿答案，或尽量减少#define开销。请不要手动enum ->字符串映射。

很高兴有

支持从不同于零的数字开始的enum值支持负enum值支持碎片enum值支持类枚举(c++ 11) 支持类枚举:<类型>有任何允许的<类型> (c++ 11) 编译时(不是运行时)到字符串的转换，或者至少在运行时快速执行(例如std::map不是一个好主意…) constexpr (c++ 11，然后在c++ 14/17/20中放松) noexcept (C + + 11) c++ 17/ c++ 20友好的代码片段

一个可能的想法是使用c++编译器功能，在编译时使用基于可变参数模板类和constexpr函数的元编程技巧来生成c++代码……

当前回答

早在2011年，我花了一个周末的时间对一个基于宏的解决方案进行微调，最终从未使用过它。

我目前的程序是启动Vim，在一个空的开关体中复制枚举数，启动一个新的宏，将第一个枚举数转换为case语句，将光标移动到下一行的开头，停止宏，并通过在其他枚举数上运行宏来生成剩余的case语句。

Vim宏比c++宏更有趣。

现实生活中的例子:

enum class EtherType : uint16_t
{
    ARP   = 0x0806,
    IPv4  = 0x0800,
    VLAN  = 0x8100,
    IPv6  = 0x86DD
};

我将创建这个:

std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, EtherType ethertype)
{
    switch (ethertype)
    {
        case EtherType::ARP : return os << "ARP" ;
        case EtherType::IPv4: return os << "IPv4";
        case EtherType::VLAN: return os << "VLAN";
        case EtherType::IPv6: return os << "IPv6";
        // omit default case to trigger compiler warning for missing cases
    };
    return os << static_cast<std::uint16_t>(ethertype);
}

这就是我的生活方式。

不过，对枚举字符串化的本地支持会更好。我对c++ 17中反射工作组的结果非常感兴趣。

@sehe在评论中发布了另一种方法。

2015-03-11 23:01:15

其他回答

对于c++ 17 c++ 20，您将对反思研究小组(SG7)的工作感兴趣。还有一系列平行的论文，包括措辞(P0194)和基本原理、设计和进化(P0385)。(链接解析为每个系列的最新论文。)

从P0194r2(2016-10-15)开始，该语法将使用建议的reflexpr关键字:

meta::get_base_name_v<
  meta::get_element_m<
    meta::get_enumerators_m<reflexpr(MyEnum)>,
    0>
  >

例如(改编自Matus Choclik的reflexpr clang分支):

#include <reflexpr>
#include <iostream>

enum MyEnum { AAA = 1, BBB, CCC = 99 };

int main()
{
  auto name_of_MyEnum_0 = 
    std::meta::get_base_name_v<
      std::meta::get_element_m<
        std::meta::get_enumerators_m<reflexpr(MyEnum)>,
        0>
    >;

  // prints "AAA"
  std::cout << name_of_MyEnum_0 << std::endl;
}

静态反射未能进入c++ 17(更确切地说，进入了2016年11月在Issaquah举行的标准会议上提出的可能是最终草案)，但有信心它将进入c++ 20;摘自赫布·萨特的旅行报告:

特别是，反射研究小组审查了最新合并的静态反射提案，并发现它准备在我们的下一次会议上进入主要的进化小组，开始考虑TS或下一个标准的统一静态反射提案。

2015-03-03 11:42:41

根据OP的要求，这里有一个基于Boost preproessor和Variadic Macros的丑陋宏解决方案的精简版本。

它允许类似枚举元素语法的简单列表，并为特定元素设置值，以便

XXX_ENUM(foo,(a,b,(c,42)));

扩大到

enum foo {
    a,
    b,
    c=42
};

与必要的函数一起输出并做一些转换。这个宏已经存在了很长时间，我不完全确定这是最有效的方式，或者它是一种一致的方式，但它一直以来都在工作

完整的代码可以在Ideone和Coliru中看到。

它的巨大丑陋在上面;如果我知道怎么做，我会把它放在剧透后面保护你的眼睛，但markdown不喜欢我。

库(合并在一个头文件中)

#include <boost/preprocessor.hpp>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>

namespace xxx
{

template<class T>
struct enum_cast_adl_helper { };

template<class E>
E enum_cast( const std::string& s )
{
    return do_enum_cast(s,enum_cast_adl_helper<E>());
}

template<class E>
E enum_cast( const char* cs )
{
    std::string s(cs);
    return enum_cast<E>(s);
}

} // namespace xxx

#define XXX_PP_ARG_N(                             \
          _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9,_10, \
         _11,_12,_13,_14,_15,_16,_17,_18,_19,_20, \
         _21,_22,_23,_24,_25,_26,_27,_28,_29,_30, \
         _31,_32,_33,_34,_35,_36,_37,_38,_39,_40, \
         _41,_42,_43,_44,_45,_46,_47,_48,_49,_50, \
         _51,_52,_53,_54,_55,_56,_57,_58,_59,_60, \
         _61,_62,_63,N,...) N

#define XXX_PP_RSEQ_N()                 \
         63,62,61,60,                   \
         59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50, \
         49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40, \
         39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30, \
         29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20, \
         19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10, \
         9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 

#define XXX_PP_NARG_(...) XXX_PP_ARG_N(__VA_ARGS__)
#define XXX_PP_NARG(...)  XXX_PP_NARG_(__VA_ARGS__,XXX_PP_RSEQ_N())
#define XXX_TUPLE_SIZE_INTERNAL(TUPLE) XXX_PP_NARG TUPLE

#define XXX_TUPLE_CHOICE(i)                            \
  BOOST_PP_APPLY(                                      \
    BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(                               \
      25, i, (                                         \
        (0), (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8),   \
        (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), \
        (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24) \
  ) ) )

#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_00  BOOST_PP_BOOL_0
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_01  BOOST_PP_BOOL_1
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_02  BOOST_PP_BOOL_2
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_03  BOOST_PP_BOOL_3
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_04  BOOST_PP_BOOL_4
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_05  BOOST_PP_BOOL_5
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_06  BOOST_PP_BOOL_6
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_07  BOOST_PP_BOOL_7
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_08  BOOST_PP_BOOL_8
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_09  BOOST_PP_BOOL_9
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_010 BOOST_PP_BOOL_10
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_011 BOOST_PP_BOOL_11
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_012 BOOST_PP_BOOL_12
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_013 BOOST_PP_BOOL_13
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_014 BOOST_PP_BOOL_14
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_015 BOOST_PP_BOOL_15
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_016 BOOST_PP_BOOL_16
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_017 BOOST_PP_BOOL_17
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_018 BOOST_PP_BOOL_18
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_019 BOOST_PP_BOOL_19
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_020 BOOST_PP_BOOL_20
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_021 BOOST_PP_BOOL_21
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_022 BOOST_PP_BOOL_22
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_023 BOOST_PP_BOOL_23
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_024 BOOST_PP_BOOL_24
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_025 BOOST_PP_BOOL_25
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_026 BOOST_PP_BOOL_26
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_027 BOOST_PP_BOOL_27
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_028 BOOST_PP_BOOL_28
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_029 BOOST_PP_BOOL_29
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_030 BOOST_PP_BOOL_30
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_031 BOOST_PP_BOOL_31
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_032 BOOST_PP_BOOL_32
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_033 BOOST_PP_BOOL_33
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_034 BOOST_PP_BOOL_34
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_035 BOOST_PP_BOOL_35
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_036 BOOST_PP_BOOL_36
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_037 BOOST_PP_BOOL_37
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_038 BOOST_PP_BOOL_38
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_039 BOOST_PP_BOOL_39
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_040 BOOST_PP_BOOL_40
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_041 BOOST_PP_BOOL_41
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_042 BOOST_PP_BOOL_42
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_043 BOOST_PP_BOOL_43
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_044 BOOST_PP_BOOL_44
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_045 BOOST_PP_BOOL_45
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_046 BOOST_PP_BOOL_46
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_047 BOOST_PP_BOOL_47
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_048 BOOST_PP_BOOL_48
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_049 BOOST_PP_BOOL_49
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_050 BOOST_PP_BOOL_50
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_051 BOOST_PP_BOOL_51
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_052 BOOST_PP_BOOL_52
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_053 BOOST_PP_BOOL_53
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_054 BOOST_PP_BOOL_54
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_055 BOOST_PP_BOOL_55
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_056 BOOST_PP_BOOL_56
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_057 BOOST_PP_BOOL_57
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_058 BOOST_PP_BOOL_58
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_059 BOOST_PP_BOOL_59
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_060 BOOST_PP_BOOL_60
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_061 BOOST_PP_BOOL_61
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_062 BOOST_PP_BOOL_62
#define BOOST_PP_BOOL_063 BOOST_PP_BOOL_63

#define BOOST_PP_DEC_00  BOOST_PP_DEC_0
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_01  BOOST_PP_DEC_1
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_02  BOOST_PP_DEC_2
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_03  BOOST_PP_DEC_3
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_04  BOOST_PP_DEC_4
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_05  BOOST_PP_DEC_5
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_06  BOOST_PP_DEC_6
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_07  BOOST_PP_DEC_7
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_08  BOOST_PP_DEC_8
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_09  BOOST_PP_DEC_9
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_010 BOOST_PP_DEC_10
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_011 BOOST_PP_DEC_11
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_012 BOOST_PP_DEC_12
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_013 BOOST_PP_DEC_13
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_014 BOOST_PP_DEC_14
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_015 BOOST_PP_DEC_15
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_016 BOOST_PP_DEC_16
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_017 BOOST_PP_DEC_17
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_018 BOOST_PP_DEC_18
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_019 BOOST_PP_DEC_19
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_020 BOOST_PP_DEC_20
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_021 BOOST_PP_DEC_21
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_022 BOOST_PP_DEC_22
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_023 BOOST_PP_DEC_23
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_024 BOOST_PP_DEC_24
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_025 BOOST_PP_DEC_25
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_026 BOOST_PP_DEC_26
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_027 BOOST_PP_DEC_27
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_028 BOOST_PP_DEC_28
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_029 BOOST_PP_DEC_29
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_030 BOOST_PP_DEC_30
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_031 BOOST_PP_DEC_31
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_032 BOOST_PP_DEC_32
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_033 BOOST_PP_DEC_33
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_034 BOOST_PP_DEC_34
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_035 BOOST_PP_DEC_35
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_036 BOOST_PP_DEC_36
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_037 BOOST_PP_DEC_37
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_038 BOOST_PP_DEC_38
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_039 BOOST_PP_DEC_39
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_040 BOOST_PP_DEC_40
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_041 BOOST_PP_DEC_41
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_042 BOOST_PP_DEC_42
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_043 BOOST_PP_DEC_43
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_044 BOOST_PP_DEC_44
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_045 BOOST_PP_DEC_45
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_046 BOOST_PP_DEC_46
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_047 BOOST_PP_DEC_47
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_048 BOOST_PP_DEC_48
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_049 BOOST_PP_DEC_49
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_050 BOOST_PP_DEC_50
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_051 BOOST_PP_DEC_51
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_052 BOOST_PP_DEC_52
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_053 BOOST_PP_DEC_53
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_054 BOOST_PP_DEC_54
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_055 BOOST_PP_DEC_55
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_056 BOOST_PP_DEC_56
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_057 BOOST_PP_DEC_57
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_058 BOOST_PP_DEC_58
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_059 BOOST_PP_DEC_59
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_060 BOOST_PP_DEC_60
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_061 BOOST_PP_DEC_61
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_062 BOOST_PP_DEC_62
#define BOOST_PP_DEC_063 BOOST_PP_DEC_63

#define XXX_TO_NUMx(x) 0 ## x
#define XXX_TO_NUM(x) BOOST_PP_ADD(0,XXX_TO_NUMx(x))
#define XXX_STRINGIZEX(x) # x
#define XXX_VSTRINGIZE_SINGLE(a,b,x) XXX_STRINGIZE(x)
#define XXX_VSTRINGIZE_TUPLE(tpl) XXX_TUPLE_FOR_EACH(XXX_VSTRINGIZE_SINGLE,,tpl)
#define XXX_TUPLE_SIZE(TUPLE) XXX_TO_NUM(XXX_TUPLE_CHOICE(XXX_TUPLE_SIZE_INTERNAL(TUPLE)))
#define XXX_TUPLE_FOR_EACH(MACRO,DATA,TUPLE) BOOST_PP_LIST_FOR_EACH(MACRO,DATA,BOOST_PP_TUPLE_TO_LIST(XXX_TUPLE_SIZE(TUPLE),TUPLE))
#define XXX_STRINGIZE(x) XXX_STRINGIZEX(x)
#define XXX_VSTRINGIZE(...) XXX_VSTRINGIZE_TUPLE((__VA_ARGS__))
#define XXX_CAST_TO_VOID_ELEMENT(r,data,elem) (void)(elem);
#define XXX_CAST_TO_VOID_INTERNAL(TUPLE) XXX_TUPLE_FOR_EACH(XXX_CAST_TO_VOID_ELEMENT,,TUPLE)    
#define XXX_CAST_TO_VOID(...) XXX_CAST_TO_VOID_INTERNAL((__VA_ARGS__))
#define XXX_ENUM_EXTRACT_SP(en) BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(XXX_TUPLE_SIZE(en),0,en) = BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(XXX_TUPLE_SIZE(en),1,en)
#define XXX_ENUM_ELEMENT(r,data,elem) BOOST_PP_IF( XXX_TUPLE_SIZE(elem), XXX_ENUM_EXTRACT_SP(elem), elem) ,
#define XXX_ENUM_EXTRACT_ELEMENT(en) BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(XXX_TUPLE_SIZE(en),0,en)
#define XXX_ENUM_CASE_ELEMENT(en) BOOST_PP_IF( XXX_TUPLE_SIZE(en), XXX_ENUM_EXTRACT_ELEMENT(en), en )
#define XXX_ENUM_CASE(r,data,elem) case data :: XXX_ENUM_CASE_ELEMENT(elem) : return #data "::" XXX_STRINGIZE(XXX_ENUM_CASE_ELEMENT(elem));
#define XXX_ENUM_IFELSE(r,data,elem) else if( en == data :: XXX_ENUM_CASE_ELEMENT(elem)) { return #data "::" XXX_STRINGIZE(XXX_ENUM_CASE_ELEMENT(elem)); }
#define XXX_ENUM_CASTLIST(r,data,elem) { XXX_STRINGIZE(XXX_ENUM_CASE_ELEMENT(elem)), data :: XXX_ENUM_CASE_ELEMENT(elem) },
#define XXX_ENUM_QUALIFIED_CASTLIST(r,data,elem) { #data "::" XXX_STRINGIZE(XXX_ENUM_CASE_ELEMENT(elem)), data :: XXX_ENUM_CASE_ELEMENT(elem) },

#define XXX_ENUM_INTERNAL(TYPE,NAME,TUPLE)                       \
enum TYPE                                                        \
{                                                                \
   XXX_TUPLE_FOR_EACH(XXX_ENUM_ELEMENT,,TUPLE)                   \
   BOOST_PP_CAT(last_enum_,NAME)                                 \
};                                                               \
                                                                 \
inline                                                           \
const char* to_string( NAME en )                                 \
{                                                                \
   if(false)                                                     \
   {                                                             \
   }                                                             \
   XXX_TUPLE_FOR_EACH(XXX_ENUM_IFELSE,NAME,TUPLE)                \
   else if( en == NAME :: BOOST_PP_CAT(last_enum_,NAME) )        \
   {                                                             \
     return XXX_VSTRINGIZE(NAME,::,BOOST_PP_CAT(last_enum_,NAME));  \
   }                                                             \
   else                                                          \
   {                                                             \
     return "Invalid enum value specified for " # NAME;          \
   }                                                             \
}                                                                \
                                                                 \
inline                                                           \
std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, const NAME& en )     \
{                                                                \
   os << to_string(en);                                          \
   return os;                                                    \
}                                                                \
                                                                 \
inline                                                           \
NAME do_enum_cast( const std::string& s, const ::xxx::enum_cast_adl_helper<NAME>& ) \
{                                                                \
  static const std::unordered_map<std::string,NAME> map =        \
  {                                                              \
    XXX_TUPLE_FOR_EACH(XXX_ENUM_CASTLIST,NAME,TUPLE)             \
    XXX_TUPLE_FOR_EACH(XXX_ENUM_QUALIFIED_CASTLIST,NAME,TUPLE)   \
  };                                                             \
                                                                 \
  auto cit = map.find(s);                                        \
  if( cit == map.end() )                                         \
  {                                                              \
    throw std::runtime_error("Invalid value to cast to enum");   \
  }                                                              \
  return cit->second;                                            \
}

#define XXX_ENUM(NAME,TUPLE) XXX_ENUM_INTERNAL(NAME,NAME,TUPLE)
#define XXX_ENUM_CLASS(NAME,TUPLE) XXX_ENUM_INTERNAL(class NAME,NAME,TUPLE)
#define XXX_ENUM_CLASS_TYPE(NAME,TYPE,TUPLE) XXX_ENUM_INTERNAL(class NAME : TYPE,NAME,TUPLE)
#define XXX_ENUM_TYPE(NAME,TYPE,TUPLE) XXX_ENUM_INTERNAL(NAME : TYPE,NAME,TUPLE)

使用

#include "xxx_enum.h"  // the above lib
#include <iostream>

XXX_ENUM(foo,(a,b,(c,42)));

int main()
{
  std::cout << "foo::a = "            << foo::a            <<'\n';
  std::cout << "(int)foo::c = "       << (int)foo::c       <<'\n';
  std::cout << "to_string(foo::b) = " << to_string(foo::b) <<'\n';
  std::cout << "xxx::enum_cast<foo>(\"b\") = " << xxx::enum_cast<foo>("b") <<'\n';
}

编译(在main.cpp中复制粘贴头文件)

> g++ --version | sed 1q
g++ (GCC) 4.9.2

> g++ -std=c++14 -pedantic -Wall -Wextra main.cpp
main.cpp:268:31: warning: extra ';' [-Wpedantic]
     XXX_ENUM(foo,(a,b,(c,42)));
                               ^

输出

foo::a = foo::a
(int)foo::c = 42
to_string(foo::b) = foo::b
xxx::enum_cast<foo>("b") = foo::b

2015-03-03 17:23:27

只需要生成枚举。为此目的编写一个生成器大约需要5分钟的工作。

生成器代码在java和python，超级容易移植到任何你喜欢的语言，包括c++。

而且非常容易扩展任何你想要的功能。

示例输入:

First = 5
Second
Third = 7
Fourth
Fifth=11

生成头文件:

#include <iosfwd>

enum class Hallo
{
    First = 5,
    Second = 6,
    Third = 7,
    Fourth = 8,
    Fifth = 11
};

std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &, const Hallo&);

生成的CPP文件

#include <ostream>

#include "Hallo.h"

std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &out, const Hallo&value)
{
    switch(value)
    {
    case Hallo::First:
        out << "First";
        break;
    case Hallo::Second:
        out << "Second";
        break;
    case Hallo::Third:
        out << "Third";
        break;
    case Hallo::Fourth:
        out << "Fourth";
        break;
    case Hallo::Fifth:
        out << "Fifth";
        break;
    default:
        out << "<unknown>";
    }

    return out;
}

生成器以非常简洁的形式作为移植和扩展的模板。这个示例代码确实试图避免覆盖任何文件，但使用它仍然要自担风险。

package cppgen;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class EnumGenerator
{
    static void fail(String message)
    {
        System.err.println(message);
        System.exit(1);
    }

    static void run(String[] args)
    throws Exception
    {
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\s*(\\w+)\\s*(?:=\\s*(\\d+))?\\s*", Pattern.UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS);
        Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF8");
        String tab = "    ";

        if (args.length != 3)
        {
            fail("Required arguments: <enum name> <input file> <output dir>");
        }

        String enumName = args[0];

        File inputFile = new File(args[1]);

        if (inputFile.isFile() == false)
        {
            fail("Not a file: [" + inputFile.getCanonicalPath() + "]");
        }

        File outputDir = new File(args[2]);

        if (outputDir.isDirectory() == false)
        {
            fail("Not a directory: [" + outputDir.getCanonicalPath() + "]");
        }

        File headerFile = new File(outputDir, enumName + ".h");
        File codeFile = new File(outputDir, enumName + ".cpp");

        for (File file : new File[] { headerFile, codeFile })
        {
            if (file.exists())
            {
                fail("Will not overwrite file [" + file.getCanonicalPath() + "]");
            }
        }

        int nextValue = 0;

        Map<String, Integer> fields = new LinkedHashMap<>();

        try
        (
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(inputFile), charset));
        )
        {
            while (true)
            {
                String line = reader.readLine();

                if (line == null)
                {
                    break;
                }

                if (line.trim().length() == 0)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(line);

                if (matcher.matches() == false)
                {
                    fail("Syntax error: [" + line + "]");
                }

                String fieldName = matcher.group(1);

                if (fields.containsKey(fieldName))
                {
                    fail("Double fiend name: " + fieldName);
                }

                String valueString = matcher.group(2);

                if (valueString != null)
                {
                    int value = Integer.parseInt(valueString);

                    if (value < nextValue)
                    {
                        fail("Not a monotonous progression from " + nextValue + " to " + value + " for enum field " + fieldName);
                    }

                    nextValue = value;
                }

                fields.put(fieldName, nextValue);

                ++nextValue;
            }
        }

        try
        (
            PrintWriter headerWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(headerFile), charset));
            PrintWriter codeWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(codeFile), charset));
        )
        {
            headerWriter.println();
            headerWriter.println("#include <iosfwd>");
            headerWriter.println();
            headerWriter.println("enum class " + enumName);
            headerWriter.println('{');
            boolean first = true;
            for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : fields.entrySet())
            {
                if (first == false)
                {
                    headerWriter.println(",");
                }

                headerWriter.print(tab + entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue());

                first = false;
            }
            if (first == false)
            {
                headerWriter.println();
            }
            headerWriter.println("};");
            headerWriter.println();
            headerWriter.println("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &, const " + enumName + "&);");
            headerWriter.println();

            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println("#include <ostream>");
            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println("#include \"" + enumName + ".h\"");
            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &out, const " + enumName + "&value)");
            codeWriter.println('{');
            codeWriter.println(tab + "switch(value)");
            codeWriter.println(tab + '{');
            first = true;
            for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : fields.entrySet())
            {
                codeWriter.println(tab + "case " + enumName + "::" + entry.getKey() + ':');
                codeWriter.println(tab + tab + "out << \"" + entry.getKey() + "\";");
                codeWriter.println(tab + tab + "break;");

                first = false;
            }
            codeWriter.println(tab + "default:");
            codeWriter.println(tab + tab + "out << \"<unknown>\";");
            codeWriter.println(tab + '}');
            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println(tab + "return out;");
            codeWriter.println('}');
            codeWriter.println();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            run(args);
        }
        catch(Exception exc)
        {
            exc.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
}

并将其移植到Python 3.5，因为它的不同可能会有所帮助

import re
import collections
import sys
import io
import os

def fail(*args):
    print(*args)
    exit(1)

pattern = re.compile(r'\s*(\w+)\s*(?:=\s*(\d+))?\s*')
tab = "    "

if len(sys.argv) != 4:
    n=0
    for arg in sys.argv:
        print("arg", n, ":", arg, " / ", sys.argv[n])
        n += 1
    fail("Required arguments: <enum name> <input file> <output dir>")

enumName = sys.argv[1]

inputFile = sys.argv[2]

if not os.path.isfile(inputFile):
    fail("Not a file: [" + os.path.abspath(inputFile) + "]")

outputDir = sys.argv[3]

if not os.path.isdir(outputDir):
    fail("Not a directory: [" + os.path.abspath(outputDir) + "]")

headerFile = os.path.join(outputDir, enumName + ".h")
codeFile = os.path.join(outputDir, enumName + ".cpp")

for file in [ headerFile, codeFile ]:
    if os.path.exists(file):
        fail("Will not overwrite file [" + os.path.abspath(file) + "]")

nextValue = 0

fields = collections.OrderedDict()

for line in open(inputFile, 'r'):
    line = line.strip()

    if len(line) == 0:
        continue

    match = pattern.match(line)

    if match == None:
        fail("Syntax error: [" + line + "]")

    fieldName = match.group(1)

    if fieldName in fields:
        fail("Double field name: " + fieldName)

    valueString = match.group(2)

    if valueString != None:
        value = int(valueString)

        if value < nextValue:
            fail("Not a monotonous progression from " + nextValue + " to " + value + " for enum field " + fieldName)

        nextValue = value

    fields[fieldName] = nextValue

    nextValue += 1

headerWriter = open(headerFile, 'w')
codeWriter = open(codeFile, 'w')

try:
    headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("#include <iosfwd>\n")
    headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("enum class " + enumName + "\n")
    headerWriter.write("{\n")
    first = True
    for fieldName, fieldValue in fields.items():
        if not first:
            headerWriter.write(",\n")

        headerWriter.write(tab + fieldName + " = " + str(fieldValue))

        first = False
    if not first:
        headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("};\n")
    headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &, const " + enumName + "&);\n")
    headerWriter.write("\n")

    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write("#include <ostream>\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write("#include \"" + enumName + ".h\"\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &out, const " + enumName + "&value)\n")
    codeWriter.write("{\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "switch(value)\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "{\n")
    for fieldName in fields.keys():
        codeWriter.write(tab + "case " + enumName + "::" + fieldName + ":\n")
        codeWriter.write(tab + tab + "out << \"" + fieldName + "\";\n")
        codeWriter.write(tab + tab + "break;\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "default:\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + tab + "out << \"<unknown>\";\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "}\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "return out;\n")
    codeWriter.write("}\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
finally:
    headerWriter.close()
    codeWriter.close()

2016-05-28 10:05:47

你可以滥用用户定义的文字来达到想要的结果:

enum
{
  AAA = "AAA"_h8,
  BB = "BB"_h8,
};
   
std::cout << h8::to_string(AAA) << std::endl;
std::cout << h8::to_string(BB) << std::endl;

这将一个字符串打包成一个整数，这是可逆的。请看这里的例子。

2021-05-04 23:59:42

您可以使用select()函数，这实际上只是一个简短的开关;这不是真正意义上的解决方案，但它让生活更容易:

enum
{
  NORMAL,
  INVALID
} state(NORMAL);

//std::cout << (state ? "INVALID" : "NORMAL") << std::endl;
std::cout << select(state, "NORMAL", "INVALID") << std::endl;

select()函数在SIMD/GPU编程中很常见。它们是三元?:运算符的推广。还可以将select()视为函数数组(实现数组数据结构的函数)。

这里有一个完整的例子。

2021-11-23 14:15:13

在现代c++ 11 / c++ 14 / c++ 17和未来的c++ 20中，enum为字符串

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