非常简单的解决方案，但有一个很大的限制:你不能将自定义值分配给枚举值，但通过正确的正则表达式，你可以这样做。你也可以添加一个映射，将它们转换回枚举值，而不需要更多的努力:

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <regex>
#include <iterator>

std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string& s, 
                               const std::regex& delim = std::regex(",\\s*"))
{
    using namespace std;
    vector<string> cont;
    copy(regex_token_iterator<string::const_iterator>(s.begin(), s.end(), delim, -1), 
         regex_token_iterator<string::const_iterator>(),
         back_inserter(cont));
    return cont;
}

#define EnumType(Type, ...)     enum class Type { __VA_ARGS__ }

#define EnumStrings(Type, ...)  static const std::vector<std::string> \
                                Type##Strings = split(#__VA_ARGS__);

#define EnumToString(Type, ...) EnumType(Type, __VA_ARGS__); \
                                EnumStrings(Type, __VA_ARGS__)

使用的例子:

EnumToString(MyEnum, Red, Green, Blue);

只需要生成枚举。为此目的编写一个生成器大约需要5分钟的工作。

生成器代码在java和python，超级容易移植到任何你喜欢的语言，包括c++。

而且非常容易扩展任何你想要的功能。

示例输入:

First = 5
Second
Third = 7
Fourth
Fifth=11

生成头文件:

#include <iosfwd>

enum class Hallo
{
    First = 5,
    Second = 6,
    Third = 7,
    Fourth = 8,
    Fifth = 11
};

std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &, const Hallo&);

生成的CPP文件

#include <ostream>

#include "Hallo.h"

std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &out, const Hallo&value)
{
    switch(value)
    {
    case Hallo::First:
        out << "First";
        break;
    case Hallo::Second:
        out << "Second";
        break;
    case Hallo::Third:
        out << "Third";
        break;
    case Hallo::Fourth:
        out << "Fourth";
        break;
    case Hallo::Fifth:
        out << "Fifth";
        break;
    default:
        out << "<unknown>";
    }

    return out;
}

生成器以非常简洁的形式作为移植和扩展的模板。这个示例代码确实试图避免覆盖任何文件，但使用它仍然要自担风险。

package cppgen;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class EnumGenerator
{
    static void fail(String message)
    {
        System.err.println(message);
        System.exit(1);
    }

    static void run(String[] args)
    throws Exception
    {
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\s*(\\w+)\\s*(?:=\\s*(\\d+))?\\s*", Pattern.UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS);
        Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF8");
        String tab = "    ";

        if (args.length != 3)
        {
            fail("Required arguments: <enum name> <input file> <output dir>");
        }

        String enumName = args[0];

        File inputFile = new File(args[1]);

        if (inputFile.isFile() == false)
        {
            fail("Not a file: [" + inputFile.getCanonicalPath() + "]");
        }

        File outputDir = new File(args[2]);

        if (outputDir.isDirectory() == false)
        {
            fail("Not a directory: [" + outputDir.getCanonicalPath() + "]");
        }

        File headerFile = new File(outputDir, enumName + ".h");
        File codeFile = new File(outputDir, enumName + ".cpp");

        for (File file : new File[] { headerFile, codeFile })
        {
            if (file.exists())
            {
                fail("Will not overwrite file [" + file.getCanonicalPath() + "]");
            }
        }

        int nextValue = 0;

        Map<String, Integer> fields = new LinkedHashMap<>();

        try
        (
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(inputFile), charset));
        )
        {
            while (true)
            {
                String line = reader.readLine();

                if (line == null)
                {
                    break;
                }

                if (line.trim().length() == 0)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(line);

                if (matcher.matches() == false)
                {
                    fail("Syntax error: [" + line + "]");
                }

                String fieldName = matcher.group(1);

                if (fields.containsKey(fieldName))
                {
                    fail("Double fiend name: " + fieldName);
                }

                String valueString = matcher.group(2);

                if (valueString != null)
                {
                    int value = Integer.parseInt(valueString);

                    if (value < nextValue)
                    {
                        fail("Not a monotonous progression from " + nextValue + " to " + value + " for enum field " + fieldName);
                    }

                    nextValue = value;
                }

                fields.put(fieldName, nextValue);

                ++nextValue;
            }
        }

        try
        (
            PrintWriter headerWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(headerFile), charset));
            PrintWriter codeWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(codeFile), charset));
        )
        {
            headerWriter.println();
            headerWriter.println("#include <iosfwd>");
            headerWriter.println();
            headerWriter.println("enum class " + enumName);
            headerWriter.println('{');
            boolean first = true;
            for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : fields.entrySet())
            {
                if (first == false)
                {
                    headerWriter.println(",");
                }

                headerWriter.print(tab + entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue());

                first = false;
            }
            if (first == false)
            {
                headerWriter.println();
            }
            headerWriter.println("};");
            headerWriter.println();
            headerWriter.println("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &, const " + enumName + "&);");
            headerWriter.println();

            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println("#include <ostream>");
            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println("#include \"" + enumName + ".h\"");
            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &out, const " + enumName + "&value)");
            codeWriter.println('{');
            codeWriter.println(tab + "switch(value)");
            codeWriter.println(tab + '{');
            first = true;
            for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : fields.entrySet())
            {
                codeWriter.println(tab + "case " + enumName + "::" + entry.getKey() + ':');
                codeWriter.println(tab + tab + "out << \"" + entry.getKey() + "\";");
                codeWriter.println(tab + tab + "break;");

                first = false;
            }
            codeWriter.println(tab + "default:");
            codeWriter.println(tab + tab + "out << \"<unknown>\";");
            codeWriter.println(tab + '}');
            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println(tab + "return out;");
            codeWriter.println('}');
            codeWriter.println();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            run(args);
        }
        catch(Exception exc)
        {
            exc.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
}

并将其移植到Python 3.5，因为它的不同可能会有所帮助

import re
import collections
import sys
import io
import os

def fail(*args):
    print(*args)
    exit(1)

pattern = re.compile(r'\s*(\w+)\s*(?:=\s*(\d+))?\s*')
tab = "    "

if len(sys.argv) != 4:
    n=0
    for arg in sys.argv:
        print("arg", n, ":", arg, " / ", sys.argv[n])
        n += 1
    fail("Required arguments: <enum name> <input file> <output dir>")

enumName = sys.argv[1]

inputFile = sys.argv[2]

if not os.path.isfile(inputFile):
    fail("Not a file: [" + os.path.abspath(inputFile) + "]")

outputDir = sys.argv[3]

if not os.path.isdir(outputDir):
    fail("Not a directory: [" + os.path.abspath(outputDir) + "]")

headerFile = os.path.join(outputDir, enumName + ".h")
codeFile = os.path.join(outputDir, enumName + ".cpp")

for file in [ headerFile, codeFile ]:
    if os.path.exists(file):
        fail("Will not overwrite file [" + os.path.abspath(file) + "]")

nextValue = 0

fields = collections.OrderedDict()

for line in open(inputFile, 'r'):
    line = line.strip()

    if len(line) == 0:
        continue

    match = pattern.match(line)

    if match == None:
        fail("Syntax error: [" + line + "]")

    fieldName = match.group(1)

    if fieldName in fields:
        fail("Double field name: " + fieldName)

    valueString = match.group(2)

    if valueString != None:
        value = int(valueString)

        if value < nextValue:
            fail("Not a monotonous progression from " + nextValue + " to " + value + " for enum field " + fieldName)

        nextValue = value

    fields[fieldName] = nextValue

    nextValue += 1

headerWriter = open(headerFile, 'w')
codeWriter = open(codeFile, 'w')

try:
    headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("#include <iosfwd>\n")
    headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("enum class " + enumName + "\n")
    headerWriter.write("{\n")
    first = True
    for fieldName, fieldValue in fields.items():
        if not first:
            headerWriter.write(",\n")

        headerWriter.write(tab + fieldName + " = " + str(fieldValue))

        first = False
    if not first:
        headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("};\n")
    headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &, const " + enumName + "&);\n")
    headerWriter.write("\n")

    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write("#include <ostream>\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write("#include \"" + enumName + ".h\"\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &out, const " + enumName + "&value)\n")
    codeWriter.write("{\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "switch(value)\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "{\n")
    for fieldName in fields.keys():
        codeWriter.write(tab + "case " + enumName + "::" + fieldName + ":\n")
        codeWriter.write(tab + tab + "out << \"" + fieldName + "\";\n")
        codeWriter.write(tab + tab + "break;\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "default:\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + tab + "out << \"<unknown>\";\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "}\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "return out;\n")
    codeWriter.write("}\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
finally:
    headerWriter.close()
    codeWriter.close()

您可以使用select()函数，这实际上只是一个简短的开关;这不是真正意义上的解决方案，但它让生活更容易:

enum
{
  NORMAL,
  INVALID
} state(NORMAL);

//std::cout << (state ? "INVALID" : "NORMAL") << std::endl;
std::cout << select(state, "NORMAL", "INVALID") << std::endl;

select()函数在SIMD/GPU编程中很常见。它们是三元?:运算符的推广。还可以将select()视为函数数组(实现数组数据结构的函数)。

这里有一个完整的例子。

嗯，还有另一个选择。一个典型的用例是，您需要为HTTP谓词使用常量，并使用其字符串版本值。

示例:

int main () {

  VERB a = VERB::GET;
  VERB b = VERB::GET;
  VERB c = VERB::POST;
  VERB d = VERB::PUT;
  VERB e = VERB::DELETE;


  std::cout << a.toString() << std::endl;

  std::cout << a << std::endl;

  if ( a == VERB::GET ) {
    std::cout << "yes" << std::endl;
  }

  if ( a == b ) {
    std::cout << "yes" << std::endl;
  }

  if ( a != c ) {
    std::cout << "no" << std::endl;
  }

}

VERB类:

// -----------------------------------------------------------
// -----------------------------------------------------------
class VERB {

private:

  // private constants
  enum Verb {GET_=0, POST_, PUT_, DELETE_};

  // private string values
  static const std::string theStrings[];

  // private value
  const Verb value;
  const std::string text;

  // private constructor
  VERB (Verb v) :
  value(v), text (theStrings[v])
  {
    // std::cout << " constructor \n";
  }

public:

  operator const char * ()  const { return text.c_str(); }

  operator const std::string ()  const { return text; }

  const std::string toString () const { return text; }

  bool operator == (const VERB & other) const { return (*this).value == other.value; }

  bool operator != (const VERB & other) const { return ! ( (*this) == other); }

  // ---

  static const VERB GET;
  static const VERB POST;
  static const VERB PUT;
  static const VERB DELETE;

};

const std::string VERB::theStrings[] = {"GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"};

const VERB VERB::GET = VERB ( VERB::Verb::GET_ );
const VERB VERB::POST = VERB ( VERB::Verb::POST_ );
const VERB VERB::PUT = VERB ( VERB::Verb::PUT_ );
const VERB VERB::DELETE = VERB ( VERB::Verb::DELETE_ );
// end of file

如果你的枚举看起来像

enum MyEnum
{
  AAA = -8,
  BBB = '8',
  CCC = AAA + BBB
};

你可以移动枚举的内容到一个新文件:

AAA = -8,
BBB = '8',
CCC = AAA + BBB

然后这些值可以被宏包围:

// default definition
#ifned ITEM(X,Y)
#define ITEM(X,Y)
#endif

// Items list
ITEM(AAA,-8)
ITEM(BBB,'8')
ITEM(CCC,AAA+BBB)

// clean up
#undef ITEM

下一步可能是重新包含枚举中的项:

enum MyEnum
{
  #define ITEM(X,Y) X=Y,
  #include "enum_definition_file"
};

最后你可以生成关于这个枚举的实用函数:

std::string ToString(MyEnum value)
{
  switch( value )
  {
    #define ITEM(X,Y) case X: return #X;
    #include "enum_definition_file"
  }

  return "";
}

MyEnum FromString(std::string const& value)
{
  static std::map<std::string,MyEnum> converter
  {
    #define ITEM(X,Y) { #X, X },
    #include "enum_definition_file"
  };

  auto it = converter.find(value);
  if( it != converter.end() )
    return it->second;
  else
    throw std::runtime_error("Value is missing");
}

该解决方案可以应用于旧的c++标准，它不使用现代的c++元素，但它可以用来生成大量代码，而不需要太多的工作和维护。

Magic Enum头库为c++ 17的枚举(到字符串，从字符串，迭代)提供静态反射。

#include <magic_enum.hpp>

enum Color { RED = 2, BLUE = 4, GREEN = 8 };

Color color = Color::RED;
auto color_name = magic_enum::enum_name(color);
// color_name -> "RED"

std::string color_name{"GREEN"};
auto color = magic_enum::enum_cast<Color>(color_name)
if (color.has_value()) {
  // color.value() -> Color::GREEN
};

更多示例请查看home repository https://github.com/Neargye/magic_enum。

缺点在哪里?

这个库使用了一个特定于编译器的hack(基于__PRETTY_FUNCTION__ / __FUNCSIG__)，它在Clang >= 5, MSVC >= 15.3和GCC >= 9上工作。

枚举值必须在范围[MAGIC_ENUM_RANGE_MIN, MAGIC_ENUM_RANGE_MAX]内。

By default MAGIC_ENUM_RANGE_MIN = -128, MAGIC_ENUM_RANGE_MAX = 128. If need another range for all enum types by default, redefine the macro MAGIC_ENUM_RANGE_MIN and MAGIC_ENUM_RANGE_MAX. MAGIC_ENUM_RANGE_MIN must be less or equals than 0 and must be greater than INT16_MIN. MAGIC_ENUM_RANGE_MAX must be greater than 0 and must be less than INT16_MAX. If need another range for specific enum type, add specialization enum_range for necessary enum type. #include <magic_enum.hpp> enum number { one = 100, two = 200, three = 300 }; namespace magic_enum { template <> struct enum_range<number> { static constexpr int min = 100; static constexpr int max = 300; }; }