我是Windows平台上的c++程序员。我使用的是Visual Studio 2008。
我通常会在代码中出现内存泄漏。
通常我通过检查代码来发现内存泄漏，但这很麻烦，而且并不总是一种好方法。
因为我买不起付费的内存泄漏检测工具，所以我想让你们建议避免内存泄漏的最佳方法。
我想知道如何程序员可以找到内存泄漏。 是否应该遵循某种标准或过程来确保程序中没有内存泄漏?
当前回答
Visual Leak Detector (VLD)是一个免费的、健壮的、开源的Visual c++内存泄漏检测系统。
当您在Visual Studio调试器下运行程序时，Visual Leak Detector将在调试会话结束时输出内存泄漏报告。泄漏报告包括完整的调用堆栈，显示泄漏的内存块是如何分配的。双击调用堆栈中的一行，以跳转到编辑器窗口中的该文件和该行。
如果你只有崩溃转储，你可以使用Windbg !heap -l命令，它将检测泄漏的堆块。最好打开gflags选项:“创建用户模式堆栈跟踪数据库”，然后您将看到内存分配调用堆栈。
其他回答
有一些著名的编程技术可以帮助您将内存泄漏的风险降至最低:
if you have to do your own dynamic memory allocation, write new and delete always pairwise, and make sure the allocation/deallocation code is called pairwise avoid dynamic memory allocation if you can. For example, use vector<T> t whereever possible instead of T* t = new T[size] use "smart pointers" like boost smart pointers (http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_46_1/libs/smart_ptr/smart_ptr.htm) my personal favorite: make sure you have understood the concept of ownership of a pointer, and make sure that everywhere where you use pointers, you know which code entity is the owner learn which constructors / assignment operators are automatically created by the C++ compiler, and what that means if you have class that owns a pointer (or what that means if you have a class that contains a pointer to an object it does not own).
Search your code for occurrences of new, and make sure that they all occur within a constructor with a matching delete in a destructor. Make sure that this is the only possibly throwing operation in that constructor. A simple way to do this is to wrap all pointers in std::auto_ptr, or boost::scoped_ptr (depending on whether or not you need move semantics). For all future code just ensure that every resource is owned by an object that cleans up the resource in its destructor. If you need move semantics then you can upgrade to a compiler that supports r-value references (VS2010 does I believe) and create move constructors. If you don't want to do that then you can use a variety of tricky techniques involving conscientious usage of swap, or try the Boost.Move library.
除了其他答案中提供的工具和方法之外，静态代码分析工具还可以用于检测内存泄漏(以及其他问题)。 Cppcheck是一个免费的健壮的工具。但是还有很多其他可用的工具。Wikipedia有一个静态代码分析工具列表。
Valgrind http://valgrind.org/
and
广东发展银行 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/
Visual Leak Detector (VLD)是一个免费的、健壮的、开源的Visual c++内存泄漏检测系统。
当您在Visual Studio调试器下运行程序时，Visual Leak Detector将在调试会话结束时输出内存泄漏报告。泄漏报告包括完整的调用堆栈，显示泄漏的内存块是如何分配的。双击调用堆栈中的一行，以跳转到编辑器窗口中的该文件和该行。
如果你只有崩溃转储，你可以使用Windbg !heap -l命令，它将检测泄漏的堆块。最好打开gflags选项:“创建用户模式堆栈跟踪数据库”，然后您将看到内存分配调用堆栈。
