我不明白为什么人们要用时间值来播种。根据我的经验，这从来都不是一个好主意。例如，虽然系统时钟可能以纳秒表示，但系统的时钟精度不是纳秒。

这个程序不应该在围棋操场上运行，但如果你在你的机器上运行它，你就可以大致估计你可以期望的精度类型。我看到了大约1000000 ns的增量，也就是1ms的增量。有20比特的熵没有被使用。而高比特大部分是恒定的!?一天大约有24比特的熵，这是非常残酷的(这可能会产生漏洞)。

这对你的影响程度会有所不同，但你可以通过简单地使用crypto/rand来避免基于时钟的种子值的陷阱。阅读是你种子的来源。它将为您提供可能在随机数中寻找的非确定性质量(即使实际实现本身仅限于一组不同且确定的随机序列)。

import (
    crypto_rand "crypto/rand"
    "encoding/binary"
    math_rand "math/rand"
)

func init() {
    var b [8]byte
    _, err := crypto_rand.Read(b[:])
    if err != nil {
        panic("cannot seed math/rand package with cryptographically secure random number generator")
    }
    math_rand.Seed(int64(binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(b[:])))
}

As a side note but in relation to your question. You can create your own rand.Source using this method to avoid the cost of having locks protecting the source. The rand package utility functions are convenient but they also use locks under the hood to prevent the source from being used concurrently. If you don't need that you can avoid it by creating your own Source and use that in a non-concurrent way. Regardless, you should NOT be reseeding your random number generator between iterations, it was never designed to be used that way.

Edit: I used to work in ITAM/SAM and the client we built (then) used a clock based seed. After a Windows update a lot of machines in the company fleet rebooted at roughly the same time. This caused an involtery DoS attack on upstream server infrastructure because the clients was using system up time to seed randomness and these machines ended up more or less randomly picking the same time slot to report in. They were meant to smear the load over a period of an hour or so but that did not happen. Seed responsbily!

为什么这么复杂!

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    rand.Seed( time.Now().UnixNano())
    var bytes int

    for i:= 0 ; i < 10 ; i++{ 
        bytes = rand.Intn(6)+1
        fmt.Println(bytes)
        }
    //fmt.Println(time.Now().UnixNano())
}

这是基于毁灭者的代码但符合我的需要。

它是die 6 (rands int 1 =< i =< 6)

func randomInt (min int , max int  ) int {
    var bytes int
    bytes = min + rand.Intn(max)
    return int(bytes)
}

上面的函数是完全一样的。

我希望这个信息对你有用。

这是纳秒，两次得到相同种子的概率是多少。 无论如何，谢谢你的帮助，这是我的最终解决方案基于所有的输入。

package main

import (
    "math/rand"
    "time"
)

func init() {
    rand.Seed(time.Now().UTC().UnixNano())
}

// generates a random string
func srand(min, max int, readable bool) string {

    var length int
    var char string

    if min < max {
        length = min + rand.Intn(max-min)
    } else {
        length = min
    }

    if readable == false {
        char = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
    } else {
        char = "ABCDEFHJLMNQRTUVWXYZabcefghijkmnopqrtuvwxyz23479"
    }

    buf := make([]byte, length)
    for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
        buf[i] = char[rand.Intn(len(char)-1)]
    }
    return string(buf)
}

// For testing only
func main() {
    println(srand(5, 5, true))
    println(srand(5, 5, true))
    println(srand(5, 5, true))
    println(srand(5, 5, false))
    println(srand(5, 7, true))
    println(srand(5, 10, false))
    println(srand(5, 50, true))
    println(srand(5, 10, false))
    println(srand(5, 50, true))
    println(srand(5, 10, false))
    println(srand(5, 50, true))
    println(srand(5, 10, false))
    println(srand(5, 50, true))
    println(srand(5, 4, true))
    println(srand(5, 400, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
    println(srand(6, 5, true))
}

非确定性地为math/rand生成器播种的最好方法是使用hash/ mapaphash (playground):

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "hash/maphash"
    "math/rand"
)

func main() {
    r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(int64(new(maphash.Hash).Sum64())))
    fmt.Println(r.Int())
}

与time.Now()相比，maphash保证不同的种子(即使在不同的机器上)。与crypto/rand相比，它要快得多，并且是一行程序。

只是为了子孙后代:有时使用初始字符集字符串生成随机字符串更可取。如果字符串应该由人类手动输入，这是有用的;排除0、O、1、l可以减少用户错误。

var alpha = "abcdefghijkmnpqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ23456789"

// generates a random string of fixed size
func srand(size int) string {
    buf := make([]byte, size)
    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
        buf[i] = alpha[rand.Intn(len(alpha))]
    }
    return string(buf)
}

我通常在init()块中设置种子。它们被记录在这里:http://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html#init

我尝试了下面的程序，每次都看到不同的字符串

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "time"
)

func RandomString(count int){
  rand.Seed(time.Now().UTC().UnixNano()) 
  for(count > 0 ){
    x := Random(65,91)
    fmt.Printf("%c",x)
    count--;
  }
}

func Random(min, max int) (int){
 return min+rand.Intn(max-min) 
}

func main() {
 RandomString(12)
}

控制台的输出是

D:\james\work\gox>go run rand.go
JFBYKAPEBCRC
D:\james\work\gox>go run rand.go
VDUEBIIDFQIB
D:\james\work\gox>go run rand.go
VJYDQPVGRPXM