其他解决方案引用了大量的外部代码库。如果您更愿意自己动手，这里有一些跨平台解决方案的代码，在Linux / DOS系统上使用各自的文件锁定工具。

try:
    # Posix based file locking (Linux, Ubuntu, MacOS, etc.)
    #   Only allows locking on writable files, might cause
    #   strange results for reading.
    import fcntl, os
    def lock_file(f):
        if f.writable(): fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
    def unlock_file(f):
        if f.writable(): fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
except ModuleNotFoundError:
    # Windows file locking
    import msvcrt, os
    def file_size(f):
        return os.path.getsize( os.path.realpath(f.name) )
    def lock_file(f):
        msvcrt.locking(f.fileno(), msvcrt.LK_RLCK, file_size(f))
    def unlock_file(f):
        msvcrt.locking(f.fileno(), msvcrt.LK_UNLCK, file_size(f))


# Class for ensuring that all file operations are atomic, treat
# initialization like a standard call to 'open' that happens to be atomic.
# This file opener *must* be used in a "with" block.
class AtomicOpen:
    # Open the file with arguments provided by user. Then acquire
    # a lock on that file object (WARNING: Advisory locking).
    def __init__(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
        # Open the file and acquire a lock on the file before operating
        self.file = open(path,*args, **kwargs)
        # Lock the opened file
        lock_file(self.file)

    # Return the opened file object (knowing a lock has been obtained).
    def __enter__(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.file

    # Unlock the file and close the file object.
    def __exit__(self, exc_type=None, exc_value=None, traceback=None):        
        # Flush to make sure all buffered contents are written to file.
        self.file.flush()
        os.fsync(self.file.fileno())
        # Release the lock on the file.
        unlock_file(self.file)
        self.file.close()
        # Handle exceptions that may have come up during execution, by
        # default any exceptions are raised to the user.
        if (exc_type != None): return False
        else:                  return True        

现在，AtomicOpen可以在with块中使用，而在这里通常使用open语句。

警告:

如果在Windows上运行并且Python在调用exit之前崩溃，我不确定锁的行为是什么。 这里提供的锁定是建议的，而不是绝对的。所有潜在的竞争进程必须使用“AtomicOpen”类。 截至2020年11月9日，此代码仅锁定Posix系统上的可写文件。在发布之后的某一时刻，在此日期之前，使用fcntl是非法的。锁定只读文件。

我一直在寻找几种解决方案，我的选择是 oslo.concurrency

它功能强大，文档也相对完善。它是基于紧固件的。

其他的解决方案:

Portalocker:需要pywin32，这是一个exe安装，所以不可能通过pip 紧固件:缺乏记录 lockfile:弃用 flufl。lock:用于POSIX系统的nfs安全文件锁定。 simpleflock:上次更新2013-07 佐。lockfile:上一次更新2016-06(截至2017-03) lock_file: 2007-10年最后一次更新

如果你只需要Mac/POSIX，这应该在没有外部包的情况下工作。

import sys
import stat
import os


filePath = "<PATH TO FILE>"
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
  flags = os.stat(filePath).st_flags
  if flags & ~stat.UF_IMMUTABLE:
    os.chflags(filePath, flags & stat.UF_IMMUTABLE)

如果你想解锁一个文件，只要修改一下，

  if flags & stat.UF_IMMUTABLE:
    os.chflags(filePath, flags & ~stat.UF_IMMUTABLE)

锁定是平台和设备特定的，但一般来说，你有几个选择:

Use flock(), or equivalent (if your os supports it). This is advisory locking, unless you check for the lock, it's ignored. Use a lock-copy-move-unlock methodology, where you copy the file, write the new data, then move it (move, not copy - move is an atomic operation in Linux -- check your OS), and you check for the existence of the lock file. Use a directory as a "lock". This is necessary if you're writing to NFS, since NFS doesn't support flock(). There's also the possibility of using shared memory between the processes, but I've never tried that; it's very OS-specific.

对于所有这些方法，您必须使用自旋锁(失败后重试)技术来获取和测试锁。这确实为错误同步留下了一个小窗口，但它通常小到不会成为一个大问题。

如果您正在寻找跨平台的解决方案，那么您最好通过其他机制将日志记录到另一个系统(其次是上面的NFS技术)。

请注意，sqlite在NFS上受到与普通文件相同的约束，因此您不能在网络共享上写入sqlite数据库并免费获得同步。

其他解决方案引用了大量的外部代码库。如果您更愿意自己动手，这里有一些跨平台解决方案的代码，在Linux / DOS系统上使用各自的文件锁定工具。

try:
    # Posix based file locking (Linux, Ubuntu, MacOS, etc.)
    #   Only allows locking on writable files, might cause
    #   strange results for reading.
    import fcntl, os
    def lock_file(f):
        if f.writable(): fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
    def unlock_file(f):
        if f.writable(): fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
except ModuleNotFoundError:
    # Windows file locking
    import msvcrt, os
    def file_size(f):
        return os.path.getsize( os.path.realpath(f.name) )
    def lock_file(f):
        msvcrt.locking(f.fileno(), msvcrt.LK_RLCK, file_size(f))
    def unlock_file(f):
        msvcrt.locking(f.fileno(), msvcrt.LK_UNLCK, file_size(f))


# Class for ensuring that all file operations are atomic, treat
# initialization like a standard call to 'open' that happens to be atomic.
# This file opener *must* be used in a "with" block.
class AtomicOpen:
    # Open the file with arguments provided by user. Then acquire
    # a lock on that file object (WARNING: Advisory locking).
    def __init__(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
        # Open the file and acquire a lock on the file before operating
        self.file = open(path,*args, **kwargs)
        # Lock the opened file
        lock_file(self.file)

    # Return the opened file object (knowing a lock has been obtained).
    def __enter__(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.file

    # Unlock the file and close the file object.
    def __exit__(self, exc_type=None, exc_value=None, traceback=None):        
        # Flush to make sure all buffered contents are written to file.
        self.file.flush()
        os.fsync(self.file.fileno())
        # Release the lock on the file.
        unlock_file(self.file)
        self.file.close()
        # Handle exceptions that may have come up during execution, by
        # default any exceptions are raised to the user.
        if (exc_type != None): return False
        else:                  return True        

现在，AtomicOpen可以在with块中使用，而在这里通常使用open语句。

警告:

如果在Windows上运行并且Python在调用exit之前崩溃，我不确定锁的行为是什么。 这里提供的锁定是建议的，而不是绝对的。所有潜在的竞争进程必须使用“AtomicOpen”类。 截至2020年11月9日，此代码仅锁定Posix系统上的可写文件。在发布之后的某一时刻，在此日期之前，使用fcntl是非法的。锁定只读文件。

锁定文件通常是特定于平台的操作，因此您可能需要考虑在不同的操作系统上运行的可能性。例如:

import os

def my_lock(f):
    if os.name == "posix":
        # Unix or OS X specific locking here
    elif os.name == "nt":
        # Windows specific locking here
    else:
        print "Unknown operating system, lock unavailable"